Principal Institutions of the European Union Essay

Principal Institutions of the European Union - Essay Example The EU basis its foundation on the rule of law (Adams 2006, p.234) where it complies with treaties, voluntarily, and democratically agreed by all member countries (European Union 2014, p. 1). Indeed, the EU seeks to promote human rights both internally and around the world which leads to peace, stability, prosperity, and improved living standards in the member states (European Union 2014, p. 1). Notably, the EU operates through different institutions that include the European Council, Council of Ministers, European Commission, the Court of Justice of the European Communities, European Court of Auditors, European Ombudsman, European Central Bank, and European Parliament. The principal institutions of the European Union include the European Commission, the European Parliament, the Council of Ministers, Court of Auditors, and the Court of Justice. Notably, the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Council of Ministers concentrate on EU legislation (European Union 2014, p. 1). The European Parliament represents the EU’s citizens, the Council of Ministers represents the governments of the individual member countries, and the European Commission represents the interests of the entire union (European Union 2014, p. 1). Most specifically, the European Parliament is the principal democratic institution of the EU system with a membership of 732 members. Europeans elect the members to the European Parliament for a 5-year term (Souper 2008, p. 1). The European Parliament exercises democratic control over all the EU institutions where it represents the political views of the member states and integrates the views and priorities of members into the system (European Parliament 2009, p. 1). The European Parliament shares legislative power with the Council and the Commission where it examines, amends, and passes EU legislation (European Parliament 2009, p. 1). It also sets the EU's annual budget and ensures that the Commission implements the EU policy (Souper 2008, p. 1).

Abigails Party Essay Example for Free

Abigails Party Essay My group and I are working on a play called the Birthday Party By Harold Pinter. The work is set in 1960s. The scene we doing is about a man, names Petey returning home from some sort of morning to job to a boarding house where his wife, whos called Meg and is the owner, fusses around him. We start to see that this routine is very basic and a sense of this what they do every day. As the scene goes on Stanley comes in and plays quite a grumpy teenager. I play the part of Petey. At the time of this plays setting, men had more of a dominant role in society and the women didnt work much and did more of the housework. This could mean that the male characters in plays around this time were more dominate and women did more housework and just like Meg, fussed around their husband as he was the only source of income, this could influence Meg as being fussy and concerning over Petey. The war would have been less than two decades ago so that may influence the characters in plays. Meg maybe fussing around he husband because he was a war-hero influencing her to very proud and caring of husband, or maybe Petey only has a morning job because he is slightly injured, this could influence his physical expression. This is different from the text that we have studied called Abigails Party because was set in the 1970s where women had a more dominant role than in the 1950s. The women were more out-spoken and more free to work have more social activities. In Abigails Party there was a lot more conflict and more fiery action between characters unlike in the Birthday Party it was Meg said a comment, which Petey may of thought was stupid, Petey just answered simply in a slow pace and showed no motivation to want to speak. In Abigails Party when a comment was made that one of the partners didnt like to hear they either fought about it or gave a sarcastic comment to show their annoyance whereas in the Birthday Party I, Petey, just gave short simple unmotivated answers to a persistent and fussing Meg. The two plays showed different ways of coping with situations as throughout the scene we performed Petey showed boredom and Meg carried on being quirky, fussy and questionable, in comparison to that in Abigails Party they handled situations in a more sarcastic, and argumentative. The two plays are humorous on different levels. The Birthday Party is funny because of we can see Peteys clear boredom of having this conversation and routine, which we can tell is a daily thing he goes through. Megs stupid comments just to speak and engage with Petey and in cases, to know out side life, is funny to us because the questions are stupid like when hes just got the corn flakes and she asks if they are nice and he hasnt even tasted them. However, the two plays have similarities. Pinter and Leigh are both known for naturalism. The scene on Birthday Party I performed was very natural and realistic nothing out of the ordinary happened it was very simple and plain but it was easy to relate to which made it effective and the birthday party as too naturalistic and perhaps more modern and in the effect of couple arguing and women playing more dominate roles. However, the Birthday Party as it goes on turns out to be more absurd and super-natural. Both plays also have fussy and inquisitive women. Meg is very questionable to Petey and wanting to know things, Bev. Tries to keep the gathering shes got alive and wanting people to pay attention to her likewise to Meg wanting Peteys attention. The historical and social setting is fairly similar as the man in Birthday Party does seem to have the dominant role as Meg does everything for him cooking, washing etc. Contrastingly to when Angie says something against Tony, like he is argumentative or wont do something, he takes action by shouting or grabbing her hand. Angie stops and doesnt protest showing men still had some dominant role in the 70s. We are presenting our play as the audience in a semi-circle in one end of the studio and us performing in the other half of the circle. This allows the audience to be the third wall, which is very in the style of Pinter and Leigh. This can give the audience more of a role and part, its very soap like, which is naturalistic, just as the plays studied, are intended to be. We are using different techniques and styles of performing such as giving each character more or less just one characteristic and not changing the pace much. For example when I play Petey I kept the same tone and tired motivation to tell the audience that Ive been doing this for a very long time. For Meg she kept her fussing and questionable ways and when Stanley comes down he was more mellow and got the attitude of Ive got my wrapped round my little finger. We used symbolism in our play, for example my paper. When I played Petey, the paper was my only bit of something new for that day, everything else was the same predictable self but my paper, which Im though out the scene reading or holding, gives me salivation from Meg and the predictable ways. We are keeping the style very naturalistic. This is different from the other play as the characters pace changed very much through the play. At one time they would be talking and the next minute there would be an argument to change the pace and the mood in which all the characters felt. You never felt the characters would stay for long at one place whereas Petey stayed in the chair all the time and kept his pace the same except it did change sometimes. The other text (Abigails party) influenced our performance by making Meg a little more dominate and persistent for Peteys attention.

Use of Doubles in the Film, Shadow of A Doubt :: Movie Film Essays

Use of Doubles in the Film, Shadow of A Doubt The film Shadow of A Doubt uses doubles, a film concept in which a shot is created and then later exposed once again in another frame. There are various scenes in the movie where doubles are used to imply different ideas. Three concrete examples of this effect include the scenes where Uncle Charlie and young Charlie wake up, the scenes where both Charlie’s say that telling Emma about Uncles evildoings will be hurtful, and the scene of the trains going in opposites directions of each other. First and foremost, the scene where Uncle Charlie wakes up parallels directly to the scene of little Charlie waking up. The director makes it obvious that these two characters will be linked in some way through this use of doubles. Later in the film, we find that these two characters are closely connected but have a contrasting relationship. Their relationship was one of much love when Uncle first arrived to the family, and suddenly turned sour when little Charlie told Uncle that there was something inside him that no one knew. Next, Shadow of A Doubt uses the two different scenes where both Uncle Charlie and little Charlie say that telling Emma about Uncle will be hurtful are both combined into a double. The director does this in order to let the viewer see that both Uncle and little Charlie have common thoughts even though they have different perceptions on life. They have a common goal and that is for no one else to hurt from Uncles hidden evils. Lastly, this film uses doubles in the final scene of the movie where the two trains cross each other. This sequence is important due to the fact that Uncle was thrown under one of the trains to his death.

Be Careful What You Wish for

BE CAREFUL WHAT YOU WISH FOR Drama practice. Revision. Homework. Writing essays– which is what I am doing now! So many things to do, so little time to actually do it. I am sprawled on my bed, along with my dictionary fiddling with my pen, deep in thought. Throughout that thousands of seconds I spent writing this essay, I often scrambled through the dictionary or Googled for words that would come in handy, composing this essay by scribbling word after word that was unreadable to everyone except myself.As my eyes darted to the untouched Chemistry homework due in two days, I rummaged through the strands of information that meandered at the back of my mind, in the hope of finding the answers to the questions regarding the practicality of what I was doing; why am I even writing this essay when I had other plans for today, like revising Chapter 2 of History. Sighing, I dropped my Carrera pen and clutched my iPod Nano–which I believed would be the antidote to my chagrin. Then, I stuffed my earphones into my ears willing my fingers to trace the song that I desperately needed at that moment–Time by Hans Zimmer.I was immediately taken in by the mellifluous song, the tender flow dictating my muscles to relax, the abstract beauty of it sinking my mind into a trance. Completely oblivious to the sounds of the outside world, I stared blankly at the four alphabets displayed on the screen- T I M E. Time. That was when realisation dawned on me. It’s strange how time, woven into our daily lives, casts a huge significance in every molecule of our being. It shows us no benignancy as it numbers our days, thus forcing us to endure the dull prospects of limitations, practicality and also the inability to maximise diversity and perfection at the same time.If only I could FEEL like I was divorced from time, savouring one moment to another, without having regrets or ‘I could have’ moments. For instance, if only I felt time held no sway over me, co uld I have kick-started my day with those Manchester United matches in the wee hours of certain mornings without wailing about the lack of sleep? Or I could have aroused my book-worm taste buds by dwelling on that stack of untouched storybooks which I purchased during the Big Bad Wolf Book Sale last year. Brushing the zig-zag thoughts off my mind, I flipped my iPod and gazed at the words engraved at the back of it-Live in Limbo!My mind propelled me to the thought of what that line meant to me. Limbo, as depicted in the movie Inception, is an unconstructed dream space of raw infinite subconscious which is more real than reality itself. Every second in Limbo would feel like an eternity, when in contrary, every second actually passes by with blinding speed. And when I meant Live in limbo, I was referring to it as a reminder to enjoy life and FEEL like I am in Limbo†¦ To FEEL that time really does crawl so that I can revel in the assumption that time would always be by my side like my Best Friend Forever, even when it is not.Right now, if I really was in Limbo, I wouldn’t be fretting or whining about time constraints. How I deeply wish that Limbo would be my reality. In that instant, I was transported into a seemingly endless and vast expanse of blankness, similar to that of being in an isolation tank. I knew where I was; Limbo. It was now my world, my reality. I had the power to create, filling my world with elements ranging from trees to buildings; imagination was the only tool I needed. I was even capable of creating a personal aeroplane but what I wanted at that very moment was to FEEL like I had control over time.In a split second, I had become someone who was born with an ‘imaginary silver clock’†¦The words ‘silver clock’ symbolising time that passes by unhurriedly, the word ‘imaginary’ referring to the fact that I only FEEL the seconds crawling pass and so it is only part of my imagination that time is not running out. I wasted no time in engineering my world–copying and pasting flashes of my memories into my surreal world. My subconscious mind, on the other hand, automatically filled up my world with projections of people I knew and never knew.My life went on as usual- going to school, attending drama practices, going for tuition, Face booking†¦But the difference was the pinch of conjury in it; that of the fact that I didn’t FEEL distressed, that I somehow held the key for doing anything I wanted as I felt time siding with me. I saw myself achieving goal after goal, consigned from oblivion that none of it was real; that I was in Limbo, and it was all part of my imagination. The youth in me got sucked out as every second passed- Until I got older and older and at the age of 28, I actually ran out of goals.I had a career, a house, a car that anyone would have dreamed of; all of it due to the grace of time being on my side. What else did I want after feeling like I had what I wanted and it seemed like an eternity had just whipped by? I wanted nothing any more. That was when my mind reeled into aimlessness, boredom, disheartenment. I had nothing else to do. However, even if I did, I would always feel time creeping by me, past me and somehow I would always achieve my goals, even if it was a mile apart from me. It was my world after all.I was bewitched by a spell on my mind indicating that time, for me would be like a space probe plummeting into the depths of the universe. As my mind free-fell into thought, questioning my well-being†¦I remembered. The memory came in thick and fast, like someone flipping through the pages of a diary as one image popped out after another vividly in my mind; That essay, that sixteen year old girl who had so many things to do. Where did all of that go? Stark reality hit me like a 10. 0 magnitude earthquake; I carried memories of twelve unreal years, I had grown older in my own imagination.After that, I would have to battle a poison called aimlessness for the rest of my life. That was only because I wanted to FEEL that time passed by slowly. Now I bemoaned wishing Limbo was my reality. The fear that gripped me; visceral, primal. The violent tremor on my shoulders jolted my eyes open. It was my mum. I was sixteen and young. Only ten minutes had passed by since I was in Limbo. I would never wish that Limbo was my reality–the promise to FEEL that time was on my side was an impossible cross to bear. Next time, I will be careful what I wish for because it might be a poison that I would not be able to deal with. (1199 WORDS)

American History Essay

â€Å"The sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be good or evil† was a wise phase once uttered by Hannah Arendt. I love this quote because is perfectly describes the two boys from â€Å"American History X,† Danny and Derek. These two boys have seen and done it all when it comes to hate groups, as both were members of a neo-nazi hate group. Neo- Nazi hate groups use authoritarian, scapegoat, normative, and exploitation theories to justify their hate, discrimination, and torture of anyone who isn’t a part of the â€Å"supreme race,† or white. Boy Danny and Derek end up in this life from an early age. Parents are one of the biggest, if not the biggest influence on a child’s life. When Danny and Derek were both relatively young they looked up to their father, thought of him as the â€Å"ideal† man. However their father was a racist, influencing almost every thought the boys had. At family dinner when talki ng about about a black school teacher their father said, â€Å"It’s nigger bullshit,† and warned Derek not to buy into the equality teachings. Because Danny and Derek both looked up to their dad so much, this would be and example of the exploitation theory. Exploitation theory is when one societal group, in this case whites, use hostility to keep their position and power intact. This really come into play after Danny and Derek’s father was murdered and Derek believes it was a race related killing. Right after their father died, Derek joined a neo-nazi hate group known as the DOC(Disciples of Christ). Being extreme believers in the white supremacy movement, the DOC acted out with violence and extreme hatred toward any other race, especially blacks. Derek, being a high ranking member, murdered 2 black men for the cause. He served three years for the murders, which impacted his whole family tremendously. At the beginning of Derek’s sentence he did not want any visitors, claiming it would be to hard to see his family. He made friends with other neo-nazi members in prison, but soon started realizing that they were not serious about the cause like he was. He also started becoming friends with his black work partner who said, â€Å"I ain’t the nigger in here, you are† Derek started realizing that white supremacy what basically just a scapegoat. Meaning that the followers of the movement were just trying to find someone to blame for their problems, which in this case happened to be  the blacks. After befriending his black work mate he realized that blacks are human too. Once he could recognize blacks as human he finally felt guilt for killing to people, not niggers, people. Derek was determined to help his brother and family by getting them out of the gangs and hate. One of the biggest influences on Derek while in jail was his principal from high school. He was a black man with experience in dealing with â€Å"troubled youth.† He gave Derek the push he needed by saying, â€Å"Has anything you’ve done made your life better?†. Later Derek told Danny, â€Å"It’s just because I was pissed off†. I think this was Derek’s way of responding to his principal, he really didn’t believe in the cause it was more of just an outlet for his anger that his father would have approved of. While Derek is locked up.

Free Essays on Definition Paper On The Word “band“

â€Å"A group of musicians organized for playing together.† This is how Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines band, but I have my own description. It’s a group of unique students who are all friends. All of us get along without fighting, and without name calling. There is no dictator in the band; we are all equal to one another. The band directors are like our parents, always looking out for us and making sure we’re taken care of. With our band the word â€Å"musician† should be used loosely. We try our hardest to be musicians but sometimes the social aspect of band gets in the way. None of us really want to the play the pieces; we want to talk about the upcoming weekend Organized, that’s funny. Nothing about our band is organized. We run around during practice and procrastinate about memorizing our music for future games. Somehow we all manage to settle down on out own and try to accomplish one objective our director’s wanted out of many. The Ames High Band doesn’t play, we interpret. We come up with stories about the piece we’re playing and form our music to the story we have created. All of us are very talented in the band. Whether it’s musically or socially. Everything the band does, we do together. There is no individuality in the band. We dress alike; we wear our hair alike, travel together and go to parties together. We love each other in the band, and don’t want to separate from each other. This being my last year in band is like moving out of the family house. I’ve lived with these people so long; it’s going to be hard to move on. I’m just cherishing every moment my family.... Free Essays on Definition Paper On The Word â€Å"bandâ€Å" Free Essays on Definition Paper On The Word â€Å"bandâ€Å" â€Å"A group of musicians organized for playing together.† This is how Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines band, but I have my own description. It’s a group of unique students who are all friends. All of us get along without fighting, and without name calling. There is no dictator in the band; we are all equal to one another. The band directors are like our parents, always looking out for us and making sure we’re taken care of. With our band the word â€Å"musician† should be used loosely. We try our hardest to be musicians but sometimes the social aspect of band gets in the way. None of us really want to the play the pieces; we want to talk about the upcoming weekend Organized, that’s funny. Nothing about our band is organized. We run around during practice and procrastinate about memorizing our music for future games. Somehow we all manage to settle down on out own and try to accomplish one objective our director’s wanted out of many. The Ames High Band doesn’t play, we interpret. We come up with stories about the piece we’re playing and form our music to the story we have created. All of us are very talented in the band. Whether it’s musically or socially. Everything the band does, we do together. There is no individuality in the band. We dress alike; we wear our hair alike, travel together and go to parties together. We love each other in the band, and don’t want to separate from each other. This being my last year in band is like moving out of the family house. I’ve lived with these people so long; it’s going to be hard to move on. I’m just cherishing every moment my family....

Free Essays on THE ODYSSEY BY A WOMAN

Many times throughout â€Å"The Odyssey† women are given the characteristics of men and men the characteristics of women. Contrary to the fact that kings and rulers are males, the females obviously possess more power and control leading one to believe that â€Å"The Odyssey† was written by a woman. The author sets the tone by introducing Odysseus, the main character as a damsel in distress and Athena as the â€Å"knight in shining armor†. (I, 1-119) Odysseus is being held on the island of Ogygia by the nymph Kalypso after his ship and crew were destroyed leaving him shipwrecked on her island. Athena seems to feel empathetic for Odysseus and asks Zeus, king of the gods, to send Hermes to order Kalypso to allow Odysseus off the island of Ogygia (I, 53, 64). Athena was definitely the one who has to save the day, as a male author would most likely not think the same thing. Penelope establishes dominance over the suitors by keeping them at bay for almost four years. She told the suitors that it would be dishonorable not to have a shroud to bury Lord Laertes, Odysseus’s father in when he died and that she must finish it before she can choose a suitor to marry (II, 103-107). Everyday she would work on a loom weaving the shroud and each night by torchlight she would unravel what she had woven (II, 110-111). Penelope was labeled cunning by the leading suitor, Antinoos, because of this deceit and trickery (II, 93). The female Penelope obviously possesses a lot of control here keeping over a hundred men at bay by deceiving them. In book V, where Telemakhos is returning home, Zeus has Athena act as a â€Å"body guard† for him (V, 28-30). The suitors were planning to kill Telemakhos when he returned home by ambushing him between the islands of Ithaca and Same (IV, 875-882). Athena escorted Telemakhos home to avoid the suitor’s ambush, therefore serving as his â€Å"bodyguard†. This definitely shows complete control of the situ... Free Essays on THE ODYSSEY BY A WOMAN Free Essays on THE ODYSSEY BY A WOMAN Many times throughout â€Å"The Odyssey† women are given the characteristics of men and men the characteristics of women. Contrary to the fact that kings and rulers are males, the females obviously possess more power and control leading one to believe that â€Å"The Odyssey† was written by a woman. The author sets the tone by introducing Odysseus, the main character as a damsel in distress and Athena as the â€Å"knight in shining armor†. (I, 1-119) Odysseus is being held on the island of Ogygia by the nymph Kalypso after his ship and crew were destroyed leaving him shipwrecked on her island. Athena seems to feel empathetic for Odysseus and asks Zeus, king of the gods, to send Hermes to order Kalypso to allow Odysseus off the island of Ogygia (I, 53, 64). Athena was definitely the one who has to save the day, as a male author would most likely not think the same thing. Penelope establishes dominance over the suitors by keeping them at bay for almost four years. She told the suitors that it would be dishonorable not to have a shroud to bury Lord Laertes, Odysseus’s father in when he died and that she must finish it before she can choose a suitor to marry (II, 103-107). Everyday she would work on a loom weaving the shroud and each night by torchlight she would unravel what she had woven (II, 110-111). Penelope was labeled cunning by the leading suitor, Antinoos, because of this deceit and trickery (II, 93). The female Penelope obviously possesses a lot of control here keeping over a hundred men at bay by deceiving them. In book V, where Telemakhos is returning home, Zeus has Athena act as a â€Å"body guard† for him (V, 28-30). The suitors were planning to kill Telemakhos when he returned home by ambushing him between the islands of Ithaca and Same (IV, 875-882). Athena escorted Telemakhos home to avoid the suitor’s ambush, therefore serving as his â€Å"bodyguard†. This definitely shows complete control of the situ...

How to Write a Dissertation Proposal

How to Write a Dissertation Proposal How to Write a Dissertation Proposal Several guidelines are provided to enable an individual to write an excellent dissertation proposal. Here they are for your attention. They should be well detailed regarding the research topic. Current research shows that to be able to write a good dissertation proposal, students have to be well conversant with the topic at hand. This means that they need to gain a lot of information on the subject matter by reading several materials and books on the topic, know current findings on the topic and be able to access various literary sources. They should be able to go outside the area of study. This mainly means that they will be able to research from related topics and as a result, the research work presented will be unique, thus outdoing previous research on the subject matter. The issue of going outside the given area of study is an advantage in that it is a good source of new ideas for a given area of study. They have to be attentive. The issue of attention is a very powerful tool, especially, in the practical application of knowledge gained. In addition, it helps individuals to know the various methods, as well as the procedures, used in a given analysis. This then becomes a great source of information for the broad topic of study. They should know how to cite papers. For instance, an individual who knows the list of authors who wrote a particular article would give a great referenced dissertation proposal paper. In addition, having a good knowledge in the area of text citations would result to a great dissertation proposal. They should be creative. When a researcher is able to refer to research papers that were written previously and come up with new ideas, the outcome document becomes of greater value in comparison to earlier documents. Below is the suggested format that should be used in the writing of a dissertation proposal: A clear formulation of the research question at hand. Justifying the Research Project. Writing a literature review. Compiling conceptual and theoretical research work. Stating the research methodology. Giving a detailed research plan that indicates how the various research stages will be carried out. Budget and Time factor. References together with appendices. Do always remember that, in case you fail to compose a dissertation proposal on your own and the deadline is due in a very short period of time, you can always contact the custom writing agency for help. Proficient writers will rescue you if you are in need and you will get a carefully composed paper within the time you had indicated to them. Do you still need dissertation proposal help online? You can hire our PhD writers who will write a custom proposal for your dissertation. Try our writing service now!

Art history Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Art history - Research Paper Example During this period of time Vase painting goes through different styles and techniques in development which have replaced each other. This assignment will conduct a research regrading four objects of the pottery art of Ancient Greece. The purpose of the work is analyzing of two objects which belong to the Geometric and the Orientalizing periods plus 2 objects utilizing the black-figure and the red-figure techniques as well. The basic material for the production of pottery in Ancient Greece was simple plastic ferruginous clay, giving the fired pottery brick-red or pale yellow shade. Earthy colors were used for painting products, and the most wonderful one was a shiny black lacquer. The painting of antique products was produced on the wet clay, which required a lot of confidence and a skillful hand of the draftsman. Let’s trace the peculiarities of Geek vase painting evolution by detailed examining of the four chosen, according to the sequence of the mentioned periods in the history. The most striking view of the very early works of decorative art of Ancient Greece is made by the vases which are decorated with geometric traceries. So our first object belongs to the Geometric period of Greek pottery, which is expressive in its own way and very conditional in forms. It is the Heron Class Olla which is very similar to the Kylix, a vessel with a short neck and wide mouth, often supplied by two horizontal handles and used for wine storage. Originally it is rounded and convex, with time becomes more oval and flat. We can see the characteristic features of the whole period of art in this vase. They are the large geometrical patterns on the most space of the object, the typical decorations conducted with the help of a compass, circles and semicircles, alternating geometric design drawings established in different registers of patterns, separated from each other, enveloping the vessel with the horizontal lines. The other bright feature of Geometric period is the

Business strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Business strategy - Essay Example Disruptors also play a major role for gaining competitive advantages. Disruptors break old boundaries of business and implements new things into business. This case study describe about the rhetoric structure and disruptors of Ford Company. By managing knowledge effectively the Ford implemented a disruptor which created a competitive advantage for the company. The company’s different rhetoric structure contributed a lot to enhance its products and business process. Ford invented a very innovative technology which helped the company to design its one of best selling truck. The company used aluminium in a high quantity to make the body of truck. It became an important feature for the company for saving its cost. The competitor of Ford does not have such features in its product. It helped the company in many ways to gain its market. The case study chosen revolves around best-selling pick-up truck of Ford. Ford F-150 contributed majorly towards global profit margins of the company. The company gained competitive advantage through designing a vehicle of aluminium. This was a rare concept and helped in reducing fuel consumption rate to desirable extent. Automobile industry is a part of oligopoly market structure. This industry is dominated by big five players such as General Motors, Ford, Honda, Toyota and Chrysler. There are certain key objectives of Ford’s competitors which can be stated as acquiring maximum profit share, technological leadership, growth of market share and service leadership. Ford comprises of 8 brands – Ford, Volvo, Land Rover, Jaguar, Lincoln, Mazda, Mercury and Aston Martin. Differentiation techniques have been adopted by the organization in order to stay competitive in the market place. Safety, advanced technology and innovative designs are the basis of their competency set. P orter’s five forces model can be applied on Ford in order

Introduction to Reational Database Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Introduction to Reational Database - Essay Example A thorough research was conducted to address the above-stated issues with the system. There are several solutions available to address the issues pertaining to the development of an ICT infrastructure including an integrated information system based on some relational database management tool. There are two major application environments available to develop the system which includes a simple Management Information System and a Web-based Information Portal. Both of these systems can be developed on a relational database and are equally viable solutions. However, there are certain added features that a web-based Information Portal can offer to accommodate specific business operations. (Grehan, 2011).Speed Trans information portal is supposed to handle the heavy load of external transactions through e-commerce module and a quick access to information is a mandatory requirement of e-business clientele. These two business domain specific requirement are best met by a Web-based Informatio n Portal. Web-portals are more prone to security issues, therefore, a strong user authentication and authorization over a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) channel will be required to establish a connection to the system. Additionally, a strong security spectrum will be required to safeguard vital system resources from hackers and viruses. Special network protection technologies including software and hardware tools and mechanisms are required to be implemented to ensure secure, smooth and stable information portal implementation.  ... The company is presently working with various other firms to supply them with automobile spare parts on regular basis. The company operations require an online communication system with its own branch office and other firms. The system is also required to be integrated with the company’s information system. Moreover, the firms is experiencing a high growth in the business and the present ICT setup often faces bottleneck conditions to support the business operations in size and speed. The new system should be designed keeping in mind the future scalability requirements that may arise within at least three years from now. Speed Trans has initially launched a limited ICT setup which is now required to be expanded to a fully integrated Information System along with online communication capabilities to handle the workload of a medium sized enterprise. 3. Current Business Issues The current system has several issues due to its limited scope. These issues cause delay in business tran sactions, communications bottlenecks restrict the smooth flow of critical business information to and from business partners and clientele, due to lack of integration between various system modules the information stored in various systems cannot be used to provide business intelligence and decision support. These and many other business issues identified in the study are discussed in the following paragraphs; a) Lack of System Support Presently every business operations is not supported by the system and a hybrid environment of system supported and manual operations and transactions are used to achieve business objectives, e.g. system maintains business partners and clientele information but it does not support automated email module to ensure

Global Strategy at General Electric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Strategy at General Electric - Essay Example One of the most important concepts for General Electric is its commitment to integrity, values, and diversity. Integrity is at the center of each and every established relationship they participate in throughout the globe. (GE). Furthermore, the employees at General Electric are very proud of the company's solid commitment and reputation for integrity. General Electric thus has become the grounds for a very ethical and moral company, and has earned the reputation most companies can only dream of. This focus on integrity has allowed General Electric to build a solid foundation around the world. Another important focus of General Electric is the diversity the company so steadily believes in. General Electric believes that diversity is important for a company's future, because diverse employment population will allow the company to reach out to its very diverse customers found throughout the world. Working at General Electric can be defined working in an environment, which is diverse an d global (GE). General Electric, on a yearly average, recruits around 1,000 college graduates every year within the United States.

Impact of Oil Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Impact of Oil - Assignment Example Moreover, during the same period there was increased demand for oil in numerous nations including China and India due to their increased industrialization (United States, Maloney, and Schumer, 2007). The subsequent instabilities in oil production and increase, in oil price per barrel of the 2000, s had no destructive effect on the United States’ Economy. Therefore, it is apparent that the current effects or instabilities on the oil prices have little effects on the United States’ economy, as it was the case in the 1970s and 1980s. The main reason towards these changed effects is that there has been a reduction on energy (oil and gas) spent in producing each dollar in the United States’ output. Additionally, there has been a shift in production techniques, that is, the current technologies only require a small amount of energy for production compared to the 1970s and 1980s technologies (United States, 1991). Economic experts estimate the current United States’ economy to be less than 33 percent dependent or sensitive to oil price fluctuation unlike over 55 percent less sensitivity in early 1980s and even more in the mid-1970s. (United States, Maloney, and Schumer, 2007) Finally, the Federal Government has since developed vigilant and adept monetary policies of handling inflationary

Global Strategy at General Electric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Strategy at General Electric - Essay Example One of the most important concepts for General Electric is its commitment to integrity, values, and diversity. Integrity is at the center of each and every established relationship they participate in throughout the globe. (GE). Furthermore, the employees at General Electric are very proud of the company's solid commitment and reputation for integrity. General Electric thus has become the grounds for a very ethical and moral company, and has earned the reputation most companies can only dream of. This focus on integrity has allowed General Electric to build a solid foundation around the world. Another important focus of General Electric is the diversity the company so steadily believes in. General Electric believes that diversity is important for a company's future, because diverse employment population will allow the company to reach out to its very diverse customers found throughout the world. Working at General Electric can be defined working in an environment, which is diverse an d global (GE). General Electric, on a yearly average, recruits around 1,000 college graduates every year within the United States.

EasyCar com Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

EasyCar com - Case Study Example Avis, Europcar, and Hertz were very prominent across Europe. However, each region had a prominent domestic player in the market as well and these attracted about half of the crowd for the simple reason of familiarity. These top firms were aware of their place in the market and the reason for their being there. They targeted both business and leisure segments and offered them the services they required most by offering a wide range of vehicles. This meant that the leisure or tourist class could opt to use a lower end vehicle and save on cost and the business segment could choose the best and optimize their experience. The rental car scenario also comprised of a few smaller players who operated out of a few locations only and focused mainly on the tourist crowd, and brokers who did not own a fleet of vehicles of their own but had tie-ups with various players in the market and earned via commission from them. It can be said that the car rental industry was at the time very stable in Wes tern Europe. Service delivery was monotonous and there was huge scope for the revolution to occur in the segment. Reducing the operating costs is a key strategy to survive and succeed in any industrial sector, with the rental car industry being no exception to it. EasyCar undertook various measures to keep their operating costs down. EasyCar’s mission was to provide rental cars at low prices so that these could prove to be competition for public modes of transport as well as even owning one’s own vehicles. They followed many simple strategies such as keeping only one type of vehicle at one venue. This worked out well for them as maintenance charges would be uniform. Even when they decided to use different vehicles, they always ensured that there was only one class of vehicles at one location. The reason for choosing to introduce a different class of vehicles was that newer vehicles were costing them lower to maintain on a daily basis and so they could charge.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Essay Example for Free

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Essay Growing up, every role model and spokesperson constantly reiterated that we, as individuals, could be whoever we wanted to be.   We could grow up to be doctors, lawyers, firefighters, or any other plethora of occupations that tickled our fancy. With those seeds firmly planted in our young minds, we began our eternal quest to search for the perfect career. The quest for that ideal vocation, however, is not easily facilitated.   For those of us that are unsure of our future endeavors or are curious about the accuracy of our career choice, a plethora of advancements in analyzing personality profiles have been developed to aid in such arduous matters.    One of those advancements is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, which aids individuals in determining their personality type in attempt to pair them with their ideal career.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother Katharine, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a very intricate test that helps individuals discover their personality type (Martin).   The test is broken into four different categories, which help produce the sixteen possible personality types.   The categories are Introvert/Extrovert, Sense/Intuition, Thought/Feeling, and Judging/Perceiving (TypeTalk).   The basis of these four categories relies on the idea that each individual relates more to one extreme than to other; thus, each individual tends to be more introverted or more extroverted, not exactly in the middle.   After analyzing a person’s personality with regards to behavioral tendencies in all four categories, one of the sixteen personality profiles is revealed.   (Tieger, 13)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After taking the test for myself, I found that my personality type is slated as INTP, or introvert, intuition, thinking, and perceiving.   Introverts mainly â€Å"focus their attention and energy in the world inside of themselves†¦they try to understand the world before they experience it† (Tieger, 14).   The intuition portion of the profile shows that one â€Å"naturally reads between the lines to look for meaning in all things,† (Tieger, 18) while the thinking portion shows a preference to â€Å"decisions that make sense logically†¦[and] pride themselves on their ability to be objective and analytical in the decision making process† (Tieger, 21). Finally, the perceiving portion details the desire for flexibility and freedom of open-ended options and the ability to adapt in new situations (Tieger, 25).   Overall, when putting these traits together, the INTP personality types, like myself, enjoy making logic-based decisions, being objective and analytical, as well as seeking more knowledge about the workings of the world around them (Myers).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once an individual has their personality profile, they can use it to gauge the accuracy of their chosen vocation, mostly because it aids in demonstrating which personality traits fit best with which careers.   In conclusive evidence with varying resources, I have found that my personality type fits perfectly with my architecture career choice.   In fact, the Journal of Management in Engineering conducted a research study to explore what types of personality traits best fit construction and architecture design jobs.   According to the study, â€Å"those possessing a preference for Intuitive data collection (MBTI, N) and Perceiving structure (MBTI, P) outperformed individuals with preferences for Sensing and Judging, in both planning and construction† (Carr, 1). Another study also looked at the Myers-Briggs personality traits of civil engineers.   The study concluded that â€Å"they are predominantly introverted, preferring to focus their energy on the internal world of ideas and possibilities.   They prefer to gather their facts using their senses, and are predisposed to facts and figures†¦they show a slight preference for a structured environment† (Johnson Singh, 1).   Tieger’s book also lists architects and civil engineers as an appropriate professional/business career for INTP types.   â€Å"These professional careers also offer INTPs plenty of opportunities to analyze and solve complex problems†¦[they] require clear, logical thinking and innovative approaches to problems and challenges† (Tieger, 255). Besides the previous studies and examples proving that my personality type is suited for a career as an architect, it is easy to derive such a conclusion based on the traits demonstrated through my personality type.   Being an introvert, someone who prefers the inner world and the ability to think thoughts through, promotes the required intelligence required to design and execute complex architectural design projects. The intuitive part of my personality profile is depictive of the desire to understand and seek out knowledge, as well as the ability to understand and propagate different constructive solutions.   The thinking portion promotes the use of logic and analytical skills that are necessary attributes for an architect to create logical engineering solutions.   The perceiving portion is evidence of the ability to adapt and change, to come up with new solutions and creative ideas to architectural models that need exploring, as well as the flexibility to attempt such ideas.   Overall, it is very easy to see that my personality type of INTP does, in fact, coincide with my desire to be an architect. Throughout the ever changing world, people change careers several times in their lives in hopes of finding a career that will best suit their needs, their talents, and their goals.   Luckily, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test is a valuable tool that many people can benefit from.   This tool was very accurate in pairing my personality with my ambition to be an architect, proving that I fit with my chosen career field. References Carr, Paul G. â€Å"Relationship between personality traits and performance for engineering and architectural professionals providing design services.† Journal of Management in Engineering 18.n4 (September-October 2002): 158. Johnson, Holly M.,  and  Amarjit Singh.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The personality of civil engineers.†Ã‚  Journal of Management in Engineering  14.n4  (July-August 1998):  45(12). Martin, Charles.   â€Å"INTP Personality Type.† KnowYourType.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.knowyourtype.com/intp.html Myers, Steve. â€Å"Myers-Briggs: A Complete Guide.†Team Technology. http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/tt/t-articl/mb-simpl.htm Tieger, Barbara B., and Paul Tieger. Do What You are: Discover the Perfect Career for You through the Secrets of Personality Type. New York: 2001. â€Å"Type Talk† Inc. 20.n10 (July 1998): p76(1)

Clinical Remit

Clinical Remit Teaching and Nursing Practice 1 A Learning Needs Assessment 1. Clinical Remit. As a nurse working within a clinical specialty it is within the remit of my job to promote the stoma care service and maintain high standards of care. It is also the responsibility of the stoma care department to meet the training and educational needs of ward based nursing staff to ensure high quality care which is evidence based and kept updated. Prior to coming into post my teaching experience had been limited to mentorship of students and informal ward based seminars. My only formal teaching experience had been as a student when attending lectures and courses. My teaching remit includes patients, relatives, carers, colleagues and students. It provides me with the opportunity to pass on my clinical skills, knowledge and experience to junior staff. This not only allows them to develop their own practice but influence the surgical unit and their patients. There is allocated placement time to the stoma team for students and we also teach students who have placements within the colorectal and general surgery unit. Teaching is often done in an informal, ward based environment where learners are able to observe and study with patients. Patients are carefully chosen and their consent obtained before the introduction of the learner. These patients are vulnerable therefore it is important that the patient is comfortable with any change or addition of another person to teaching sessions. Patients and their stoma nurses develop a special bond and it is important that this relationship remains strong. It is through this unique relationship that the patient gains the skills and knowledge needed to equip them for life with a stoma. The stoma care nurse is a facilitator, he/she empowers patients to optimise quality of life and adjust to their new circumstances. My principle clinical role is in the teaching and support of patients who are about to have or have undergone surgery to create a stoma. Fulham (2008) acknowledged that nurses play an important role in helping patients adjust both physically and psychologically to a new stoma. Research (OConnor, 2003; Metcalf, 1999; White, 1998) has shown that early teaching of practical skills and coping strategies help new stoma patients have a more favourable outcome. Early education helps prepare them for surgery and allows patients to adapt more positively to the stoma (Burch, 2005). I have chosen to focus on one particular aspect of teaching within stoma care, namely the changing of a one piece stoma pouch. The reason for my choice is that this is a fundamental part of the stoma care process. It is the focus of many patients anxieties and is key to many patients feeling of wellbeing; it is one area where they feel they still have some control. Bekkers et al (1996) saw self-efficiency as crucial to adjusting to a stoma and as a result saw fewer psychological problems post- operatively. Commonly, the assumption is that teaching stoma management is someone elses responsibility (Turnbull, 2002). The principles of a pouch change are simple to follow to achieve success, yet it is generally carried out poorly at ward level. This could be due to a number of reasons. Pouch changing is a practical skill not widely practiced at university; it is often passed on through experiential learning and reflective practice while on placement. This indicates that the current university curriculum does not adequately equip students with the skills needed to support these vulnerable patients (Simmons et al, 2007). It is a specialised skill that has to be practiced to become proficient. Some nurses approach changing a stoma pouch merely as a task to be carried out rather than an integral part of individualised patient centred care (Mitchell, 1995) or a teaching opportunity. Lacking knowledge or confidence in stoma care my lead to a reluctance to become involved with patients with a stoma. Norris and Spelic (2002) reported that many nurses do not feel competent enough to support patients adapting to altered body image. Stoma care is not an integral part of all healthcare areas therefore many nurses lack the opportunity to practice learned skills which then become redundant. Hollinworth et al (2004) highlighted the importance of enabling all practitioners who regularly care for patients with a stoma the opportunity to develop professionally. It is with this in mind I have chosen to carry out a learning needs assessment on a small group of nurses who work within the surgical directorate who regularly care for patients who have a stoma. The group consists of 3 nurses; 2 trained staff and 1 untrained. The rationale being that it is often untrained staff who carry out patient care due to time constraints and workload pressure on their trained colleagues. I thought it would be interesting to compare these groups; to establish strengths and weaknesses and where improvements can be made that is patient centred, individualised and of the highest standard. Learning Theories Conducting a learning needs assessment is critical to the educational process. This can lead to change in practice and forms the cornerstone of continuing professional development (Grant Stanton, cited in Grant, 2002). Evidence based practice has become the focus of NHS policy over recent years with emphasis on cost effectiveness. This ensures patients receive the most efficient care based on evidence from the most up to date research (Upton, 1999). Turnbull (2002) highlighted that ostomy teaching starts at the patients bedside often by non specialised staff; therefore it is important that staff have the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to support these patients. It is also important that patients receive the best possible care and advice no matter who is giving it. Prashnig (2006) discussed the responses of teachers to the varying learning needs of students when the teachers are aware of their teaching styles. I use a combination of styles. My approach is initially pedagogy as particular skills and information is being taught as the learner is often a new stoma patient. It then develops into an andragogical approach as the teacher learner relationship changes to guide and empower the learner towards independence through discussion and problem-solving rather than just instruction (Jarvis, 1985 as cited in Smith 1996; 1999). This can be illustrated through many of the learning theories used in education today. Banduras (1977) social learning theory shows learning comes form observing and copying behaviour before adopting it and adopting his ‘role model when teaching practical skills and giving advice. Skinners (1954) conditioning theory of positive reinforcement can be applied to stoma pouch changing. Reinforcement in the form of repeated p ractice helps to form a habitual pattern and the necessary skills to perform the task. The nursing process model of assess, plan, implement and evaluate can also be applied to this theory. Kolbs experiential learning cycle (1984) has influenced nurse education for decades (Quinn, 2000). The learner moves around the cycle through the four adaptive abilities of concrete experience; reflective observation; generalisation and application from action to observation through the learning process. Ausubels (1978) assimilation theory enables the student to build on their existing knowledge. I teach in small, easily managed sections. Revising what was learned previously and ensuring it is understood before continuing with the next stage. Rational for carrying out a learning needs assessment. Identifying a learning need is the first step in planning any education programme (Dyson et al, 2009). This ensures that the programme is appropriate for all, regardless of knowledge and experience and forms the basis of the objectives and content (DeSilets, 2007). In this case the assessment will be carried out on a small group of healthcare professionals but the principle can be used on a larger scale. A learning needs assessment forms a baseline; it identifies what is already known and what is needed to fill in gaps in knowledge or experience. The need to carry out a learning needs assessment in this clinical area was identified through casual observation of interactions between ward staff and new stoma patients. The poor uptake of stoma patient education was highlighted by a disappointing lack of documentation within patient records and limited assessment of the stomas function, the local skin condition and the patients independent progress. This has an impact on the patients psychological adjustment and ultimately their satisfaction regarding quality of care. Nursing is based on holistic, individualised needs; if a fundamental part of a new stoma patients wellbeing is not being addressed it can increase length of hospital stay, delaying independent stoma management prior to discharge with evident associated financial implications. Employers too have expectations of their staff. The NMC codes (2008) states knowledge and skills should be kept updated; and healthcare professionals should attend education which maintains and develops competence. A learning needs assessment enables the setting of goals benefit not only the learner (through improving practice) but also benefit the patients and ultimately the organisation. There are however drawbacks with carrying out a learning needs assessment. Learners often concentrate on positive aspects of their practice and do not highlight areas that need refining or further work. Teachers may focus on the negative aspects and may not give the learner credit for what they do well. Identify an area of learning A review of ward notes and patient questioning identified a poor uptake of patient teaching in stoma care. When questioned staff answers ranged from time constraints, lack of confidence when dealing with stomas and feeling that it was the responsibility of someone else to take charge. Some staff when questioned thought responsibility lay with the specialist stoma nurses. CNSs were carrying out the majority of teaching and support in the minimum amount of time, with little support from other members of the multi-disciplinary team. This identified an area of learning and an opportunity to address some of the issues through an education programme. This would re-empower ward staff and give them the skills and confidence to work with new stoma patients. This will also have a positive impact on time management. An initial increase in time spent teaching and supporting patients to manage their stoma would be rewarded when the patient was independent and more confident in their own ability. Staff are encouraged to observe, work and participate in teaching patients along with the Stoma Care CNS on the ward where she is available to answer any queries and offer assistance. Discussion with ward staff has shown that although stoma care is carried out regularly in a general surgery unit there are staff members who a greater interest and subsequently are more confident when providing stoma care. Nursing staff from the colorectal ward were informally approached and asked if they would participate in a stoma care education programme. Three members of staff expressed an interest and agreed to participate. It was decided that this would form a pilot study group. Like other forms of research a pilot study should be carried out to ensure validity and reliability (Burns and Grove, 2005). The group consisted of 2 qualified and 1 unqualified nurse. This was to attempt to determine the varying strengths and weaknesses of the grades of staff (Hesketh and Laidlaw, 2002). In accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council Code Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives (2008), to maintain client confidentiality, all names have been changed and no reference has been made to vocation. Kate- Qualified for 3 years. Worked initially as a bank nurse but recently joined the staff of the general surgical ward full time. She has been in post for 6 months. Amy- Qualified for 5 years. Worked in a medical ward for 1 year but has worked in the general surgical ward for 4 years. Janet- Worked as a health care assistant for 14 years, all within the general surgical ward. She had aspirations to train as a nurse but never pursued this after having a family and now feels she has missed the opportunity. She is a part-time member of staff. It was decided that the teaching session should include other aspects of stoma care for which patients often need extra support e.g.; skin assessment and simple remedies, measuring a stoma and template cutting. Some common but relatively simple problems such as sore skin can be improved or resolved by prompt and correct treatment (Burch and Sica, 2008). With this in mind it was decided that the education should contain a practical session; to revise and practice pouch changing, using stoma measuring tools, cutting out templates and dealing with simple problems. Methods of assessing the learning needs. To assess learning needs it is first necessary to choose a method for gathering information. As learning needs are individual; based on knowledge, understanding, attitudes and self-assessment (McKimm, 2009; Norman et al, 2004; Grant, 2002). It was hoped the results would reveal the individual learning needs of each participant. Vaughan (1992) discussed that a learners competency can be assessed through direct observation. It identifies the learners performance level and capability. Bee and Bee (2003) also discussed the value of observation as a tool to determine strengths and weaknesses in learners practice. Quinn (2000) however identified that observation can be subjective, so to prevent observer bias a checklist or rating scale should be used. Following the example of Bee and Bee (2003) Observation can be subdivided into Direct observation, Work samples and Simulations. Direct Observation Enables assessment in real time. It quickly identifies good practice and areas requiring work. This was carried out by the Stoma Care CNS. It was decided that as she was a familiar face in the wards the nursing staff would be relaxed in her presence and would not alter their practice when â€Å"on show† and results would be accurate. It was seen as an efficient use of time/resources by ward staff and the CNS as she was available to advise and help patients and staff. Work Samples- Assessing current work practice can be difficult to assess accurately, particularly as ward staff and the CNS have individual commitments and priorities. Assessing competed work does not give the assessor a true reflection. If the CNS is unavailable to offer advice on potential issues then a vulnerable patient can be put at unacceptable risk of stoma or skin complications. Therefore this method was excluded on moral and ethical issues. Simulation- Allows the observation of the learners when dealing with different situations e.g. the availability of a simulator mannequin for practice. Interchangeable pieces replicate differing shapes and sizes of stomas which assess basic pouch changing skills but would not allow assessment of any complication or teaching of the patient. It does however, not encourage the learner to consider the psychological needs of the patient further and see that changing a stoma pouch and disposal of the pouch is more than merely completing a task (McKenzie et al, 2006; Rust, 2007). Heskth and Laidlaw (2002) discuss other tools when assessing learning needs. These include: Practice Testing- Routine review of notes and charts. This can give an indication of good practice and areas requiring improvement. Informal Testing- Will establish the knowledge and current practice of the group by carrying out a simple test prior to the teaching session. This would enable the teacher to gear the education to the specific needs of the learner group. Reflective Practice- Discussing a memorable situation or experience whether it was memorable for good or bad reasons. This allows the individual to recognize their own strengths and weaknesses and identify learning needs. This can be carried out on a one-to-one basis or within a group as in individual or group supervision. It gives an opportunity to share feelings, attitudes and knowledge with their peers and is itself a valuable learning experience. The use of questionnaires and structure interviews are commonly used measuring tools used in needs assessment (Mailloux, 1998; Hopkins, 2002; Bee and Bee, 2002) Using different types of questions within the questionnaire will gain the information required. Classification questions check how representative the sample is. It enables respondents to be put into or ‘classified in a group e.g. gender, race or age. Coded/Structured questions measure knowledge and attitudes. Open questions allow respondents to expand on their answers; it gives the opportunity to express their views. Semantic- differential questions also ask for opinion using a numerical scale. Lickert-type questions ask the respondent to express their opinion against a specified rating scale. Grant (2002) warns that reliance on formal needs assessments when planning education can restrict the learning process instead of encouraging it. To ensure learning needs are appropriately measured a questionnaire using a combination of question types was used (Appendix 1). Time was assigned for simulated practice using the mannequin and direct supervision of 10 pouch changes by the Stoma Care CNS. This would be the starting point for teaching stoma care. Learning needs assessment To assess the learning needs of the chosen group the questionnaire was given out two weeks prior to the teaching session. It was hoped that an education programme would address some anxieties and encourage some deeper understanding of stoma care so the questionnaire include all aspects of stoma care including skin assessment and simple treatment, measuring a stoma and preparing patients for discharge. This required the participants to have a basic knowledge of stomas and the principles of changing a stoma pouch. The questionnaire was made up of a combination of coded/structured; open and Lickert- type questions. This will gain information on the learners knowledge on the subject and an indication of knowledge on particular aspects which they may have limited or no experience. The Lickert-type question was used to identify knowledge and opinion on a specific skill used when caring for patients with a new stoma. One week later a second needs assessment was carried out. This took the form of ward based direct supervision. Time within the teaching session was also allocated for simulated practice using the mannequin. This included template measuring and cutting and treating minor complications using stoma care accessories. Questions were encouraged and following the simulation the group reflected on what they had learned. Due to close links with the nursing process model (Rolf, 1998; Masters, 2009) this needs assessment was based on Kolbs experiential learning theory (1984). Kolbs Learning StylesKolb (1999) The needs assessment is reflected within the learning cycle. The questionnaire and simulated practice reflected the learners knowledge and identified their learning needs Concrete experience. Group reflection and simulation exercise Reflective observation. Identifying topics for inclusion in the education Abstract conceptualisation. The learners application of new knowledge to practice when performing and teaching stoma care- Active experimentation. Williams (1998) advises a combination of three methods of assessing learning needs. A triangulation approach addresses the limitations and assumptions of each (Robson, 1993). A Lickert-type assessment tool was developed as the third method of assessing learning needs when observing the learners during their supervised practice and using the mannequin (Appendix 2). These methods provide valuable qualitative and quantitative date, as it provides both concrete knowledge and opinion from the learners (Moule and Goodman, 2009; Polit and Beck, 2008). Analysis of the Results of the Learning Needs Assessment To analyse the questionnaire and ward observation each participants results are examined in turn and a personalised learning need will form a conclusion. The questionnaire was divided into four parts: 1. The Stoma (5/5=25%) 2. Pouch management (4/4=10%) 3. Skin assessment and treatment (6/6=40%) 4. Prep for home (5/5=25%) Analysis of Kates results Kate showed a good basic knowledge of what a stoma and the importance of assessment and treatment of the parastomal skin. These results would indicate that the theoretical component of the education programme will re-enforce Kates good knowledge base. The results do however show that Kate does need to improve her knowledge with management of the stoma, namely the draining and timing of pouch changing and in the teaching and support of patients as the aim for self care of the stoma. Analysis of Amys results Amys results have shown that she has a sound knowledge of stomas; there management; skin assessment and treatment of common simple problems. This would reflect the experience Amy has within the colorectal specialty. Her single wrong answer reflects only that there is still room to learn. Experience is important but as technology and approaches change it is important to keep up with current trends and techniques. Analysis of Janets results Janets results were also impressive, particularly as she has had no formalised nurse training. She showed a good basic knowledge of the stoma, although was unable to identify specifics. She did know the picture was an ileostomy but not that it was a loop-ileostomy. Janets assessment skills also reflect good practice. She can identify changes in the stoma and has the knowledge and skills to adjust treatment to minimise minor setbacks like sore skin. She showed a patient centred approach to teaching and supporting patients towards stoma self care; this may reflect that as a healthcare assistant Janet has greater patient contact and therefore has more ‘hands-on experience. Analysis of direct observation The information obtained from the Lickert-type observation study carried out during direct observation by the teacher was transferred onto a bar chart. This was compiled while the learners were practicing stoma care skills on the mannequin. It compares the learners practical skills and highlights areas of good practice and where further practice is required. The Lickert-type scale used documents each learners current level of competence. The range 1-5 was used, 1 (very poor) 5 (very good). The bar chart illustrates the strengths and weaknesses of each learner and makes comparisons among the group. The chart reflects that Amys knowledge on stomas and management is better than her practical management skills. Kate requires further practice with both theory and practice. Janet has shown consistency with theory and practice, scoring well in both. It is hoped that Kate, as the least experienced nurse will improve in time as her knowledge and skills increase as reflected by Benner (2001). Reflection the learning needs assessment. Learning needs assessment is a specific form of educational research (Williams, 1998) and conducting a learning needs assessment requires careful planning. It forms a vital element of teaching within continuing professional development (McKimm, 2009). It is important to address a need rather than a preference for learning that benefits the organisation and enhances the practice of health professionals. Grant (2002) reported only limited evidence of educational effectiveness as a result of needs assessment alone, therefore it should be used in context within a wider learning plan which must be relevant to practice. Learning needs assessments focus on identified need and often fails to address needs not looked for, therefore it requires flexibility (Hicks and Taylor, 2002 as cited in Dyson et al, 2009). It re-enforces that the needs of individuals are different. No single needs assessment is effective. Using a variety of assessment methods provides a comprehensive picture of an individuals performance (Hesketh and Laidlaw, 2002). SWOT analysis is an auditing tool developed by a research team from the Stanford Research Institute in the 1960s, led by Albert Humphrey. It is built on the use of four dimensions: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats which enables pro-active thought. Strengths and weaknesses are internal factors; Opportunities and threats are external. Strengths * LNA produced information required to address a gap in knowledge and practice. * Observation of small sample identified individualised needs. Weaknesses * Only small sample used, Is this representative? * Is practice under observation reflecting everyday practice? * Time consuming. * Limiting due to design and response subjectivity. Opportunities * Address the knowledge gap through education. * Identify individuals with skills to act a link nurses. Threats * Response to survey may be poor. * Time and financial barriers to effective education. Needs assessments should be an ongoing process which facilitates learning to ensure practice and knowledge are kept up to date (Hicks and Hennesy as cited in Dyson et al, 2009).It would be useful to carry out the needs assessment on a larger scale, perhaps initially throughout wards to ascertain knowledge and skills of all nurses within the surgical area References 1. Ausubel, D. (1978) 2. Bandura, A. (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 3. Bee, F. and Bee, R. (2003) Learning Needs Analysis and Evaluation. 2nd Edn. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. 4. Bekkers, M. J. T. M., van Knippenberg, F. C. E., van den Borne, H. W. and van Berge-Henegouwen, G. P. (1996) Prospective evaluation of psychosocial adaptation to stoma surgery: The role of self-efficiency. Psychosomatic Medicine. Vol.58(2), pp183-191. 5. Benner, P. (2001) From Novice to Expert. Commemorative Edn. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 6. Burch, J. (2005) Exploring the conditions leading to stoma forming surgery. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.14(2), pp94-98. 7. Burch, J. and Sica, J. (2008) Common peristomal skin problems and potential treatment options. The British Journal of Nursing. Vol.17(17 Stoma Care Supplement), ppS4-S11. 8. Burns, N. and Grove, S. (2005) The Practice of Nursing Research: Conduct, Critique and Utilization. 5th Edn. St Louis, MO: Elsevier/Saunders. 9. DeSilets, L. D. (2007) Needs Assessment: An array of possibilities. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. Vol.38(3), pp107-112. 10. Dyson,L., Hedgecock, B., Tomkins, S. and Cooke, G. (2009) Learning needs assessment for registered nurses in two large acute care hospitals in Urban New Zealand. Nurse Education Today. Vol.29(8) November, pp821-828. 11. Fulham, J. (2008) A guide to caring for patients with a newly formed stoma in the acute hospital setting. Gastrointestinal nursing. Vol.6(8), pp14-23. 12. Grant, J. (2002) Learning needs assessment: assessing the need. British Medical Journal. Vol.324(7330), pp156-159. 13. Hesketh, E. A. and Laidlaw, J. M. (2002) Needs Assessment. [Online] Available URL: http://www.nes.scot.nhs.uk/Courses/ti/NeedsAssessment.pdf. (Accessed 18th November 2009). 14. Hollinworth, H. et al (2004) Professional holistic care of the person with a stoma: online learning. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.13(21), pp1268-1275. 15. Kolb, D. A. (1984) Experiential Learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 16. Kolb, D. A (1999) Experiential Learning Cycle. In: Kolbs Learning Styles and Experiential Learning Model. (2008) [Online] Washington: Donald Clark. Available from: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/styles/kolb.html. (Accessed 14th December 2009). 17. Masters, K. (ed.) (2009) Role Development in Professional Nursing Practice. Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. 18. McKenzie, F., White, C. A., Kendall, S., Finlayson, A., Urquhart, M. And Williams, I. (2006) Psychological impact of colostomy pouch change and disposal. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.15(6), pp308-316. 19. Metcalf, C. (1999) Stoma Care: empowering patients through teaching practical skills. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.8(9), pp593-600. 20. Mitchell, A. (1995) The therapeutic relationship in health care: towards a model of the process of treatment. Journal of Interprofessional Care. Vol.9(1), pp15-20. 21. Mailloux, J. P. (1998) Learning Needs Assessment: Definitions, Techniques, and Self-Perceived Abilities of the Hospital-Based Nurse Educator. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. Vol. 29(1) Jan/Feb, pp40-45. 22. Norman, G. R., Shannon, S. I. And Marrin, M. L. (2004) Learning in Practice. The need for needs assessment in continuing medical education. British Medical Journal. Vol. 328 April, pp 999-1001. 23. Norris, J. and Spelic, S, S. (2002) Supporting adapting to body image disruption. Rehabilitation Nursing. Vol.27(1), pp8-13. 24. Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) The Code. Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London: NMC. 25. OConnor, G. (2003) Discharge planning in rehabilitation following surgery for stoma. British Journal of Nursing. Vol.12(13), pp800-807. 26. Polit, D.F. and Beck, C.T. (2008) Nursing Research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, pp206-209. 27. Prashnig, K. (2006) Learning Styles in Action. London: Network Continuum Education. 28. Quinn, F. M. (2000) Principles and Practice of Nurse Education. 4th Edn. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. 29. Robson, C. (1993) Real World Research: A Resource for Social Scientists and Practitioner-Researchers. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 30. Rolfe, G. (1998) Beyone Expertise: Reflective and Reflexive Nursing Practice. In: Johns, C. and Dreshwater, D. (eds.) Transforming Nursing through Reflective Practice. Oxford: Blackwell Science. 31. Rust, J. (2007) Care of patients with stomas: the pouch change procedure. Nursing Standard. Vol.22(6) July, pp43-47. 32. Skinner, B, F. (1954) The science of learning and the art of teaching. Harvard Educational Review. Vol.24(2), pp86-97. 33. Simmons, K.L., Smith, J.A., Bobb, K-A. and Liles, L.L.M. (2007) Adjustment to Colostomy: stoma acceptance, stoma care self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Vol.60(6), pp627-635. 34. Smith, M. K. (1996; 1999) ‘Andragogy, The Encyclopedia of informal education, http://www.infed.org/lifelonglearning/b-andra.htm. (Accessed 6th November 2008). 35. Turnbull, G.B. (2002) The importance of coordinating ostomy care and teaching across settings. Ostomy/Wound Manag

Comparing Edna of Kate Chopins The Awakening and Nora of Henrik Ibsen

Comparing Edna of Kate Chopin's The Awakening and Nora of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House Kate Chopin's work, The Awakening, and Henrik Ibsen's play, A Doll's House, were written at a time when men dominated women in every aspect of life.   Edna Pontellier, the protagonist in The Awakening, and Nora, the protagonist in A Doll's House, are trapped in a world dominated by men.   The assumed superiority of their husbands traps them in their households.   Edna and Nora share many similarities, yet differ from each other in many ways.   Two main similarities of Edna and Nora are that they both have an awakening and are like caged birds without freedom; one main difference is that Edna lives in reality and Nora lives in a fantasy world.   Other similarities are: each protagonist seems happy about her marriage in the beginning, is controlled by her husband, and has a secret.   Despite all the similarities, the two protagonists differ in several ways: Edna does what she wants while Nora dreams about what she wants; Edna has a mind of her own while Nora seems to be a scattered brain wife; and Edna stops taking care of her children all together while Nora cares for the children on and off.   Ã‚  Ã‚   An image of a green and yellow parrot in a cage occurs throughout The Awakening; the parrot represents how Edna Pontellier is trapped in her marriage to Leonce Pontellier.   During that time period women were expected to stay at home and perform household duties, take care of their husbands, and take care of their children; women were not supposed to be educated and did not hold a career.   Edna realizes she does not want to perform the expected duties of a woman because she is not happy just being a wife and mother.   In the beginning of ... ...n reality.   Ibsen and Chopin both wrote stories that represent the oppression of women in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century; The Awakening and "A Doll's House' are realistic writings that show society's treatment of women. Works Cited and Consulted: Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym et al. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1985. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Ibsen, Henrik. A Doll's House.   Literature and Ourselves. 2nd Ed. Ed. by Gloria Henderson, Bill Day, and Sandra Waller.   New York: Longman, 1997 Martin, Wendy, ed. "Introduction." New Essays on The (Awakening. New York, NY: Cambridge UP, 1988. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.

HOSP 310 Week 5 Internet Exercises Essay

a) One of the trends that are occurring in the hotel industry is the increase in construction in certain pipelines and areas. The Spanish influenced countries of Latin America and South America are seeing the largest increase. The increased interest in the Hispanic culture by society is driving many consumers to want to escape to the sandy beaches and the tropical oasis. The other trend is the decrease in the African and the Middle Eastern Pipelines. Much of this can be contributed to the political unrest in these countries that is covered by the media. While many still want to go on vacations to their holy lands for religious purposes or visit many ancient areas of art and documented history not many consumers are wanted to travel with young children to these areas due to the unrest and military presence and rather are looking for rest and relaxation rather than additional intellect and experience. b) Based on the headlines and the articles on Hotel Online I have found a trend to be the renovations of hotels that have been long standing. The renovations of these hotels are focused on the consumer and the upgrades to the lifestyle changes and health and environmental awareness across the world. Many hotels are going green and adding markets or dining options that are also green and health conscious. This is important as the world begins to become more aware environmentally of what the waste is doing to the planet that we want to have around for our children many more people are recycling and finding innovative ways to reuse and cut back. A more health conscious society is also moving toward eating foods that are not processed and are not filled with fillers and pesticides trying to increase the longevity of life. Consumers are looking for options that can meet both of these needs. Many hotel chains are going through multi-million dollar renovations to make the upgrades and meet the needs of the social empire that influences cultures all over the world. Exercise #2 a) Each of the 3 sites has similarities such as a lit of their properties, information for investors as well as the company history or mission statement. The differences start with Starwood that offers very detailed as well as list and map views of the properties as well as photos of the individual properties. Host hotels have a place for news releases about information from within the company. The FelCor Lodge Trust is different as it lists the hotels that the company has on the market for sale. b) Starwood – Target market is the well rounded and has a hotel for every one and every amenity such as pets, conventions, and weddings so that the most diverse of people are collectively attracted to their properties both domestically and internationally. Host Hotels – Target market is both for the wealthy and socially connected since names as the Four Seasons, Hilton, and Ritz Carlton are among the properties they own. The target market of the wealthy open likes to mix business trips with pleasure and their properties seem to be able to accommodate both. FelCor Lodging Trust- Target Market is the vacationing family that wants to be centrally located in the city they are traveling to or visiting. Many of the properties are also located within the airport so they make it easy for family to not have to travel far from the airport for their accommodations. All of their properties are within the US except for one in Canada. c) Starwood – Westin, Sheraton, Four Points by Sheraton, W Hotels, St Regis, The luxury Collection, Element Hotels, Hilton Worldwide. Host Hotels- Ritz Carlton, Four Seasons, Marriott, Sheraton, Hilton, Hyatt, W Hotels. FelCor- Embassy Suites, Wyndam, Sheraton, Double Tree, Hilton. d) Starwood is a paperclip REIT which is different from the standard REIT. In each case, the idea is to maximize the tax advantages inherent in real estate investment trusts, or REIT’s, while allowing the company to operate properties that such trusts normally cannot run. The paper-clip structure is very similar to spin-offs of operating companies. Although the stock in the two companies is not traded in tandem (or stapled), the economics of both businesses are closely linked, or â€Å"paper clipped,† due to an intercompany agreement between the REIT and the operating company. In other words, shareholders who wish to capture the combined economics of the distinct companies can acquire shares in each company and paper clips them together. Chapter 12: Exercise #1 a) Both of the sites have their rewards programs for returning guests as a highlight to win continued business. They further compete by making it clear on their websites with photos and labels as well easy navigation and online booking that they have options and are here to accommodate the needs of any consumer whether it be business or pleasure, short term or long-term stays, and their presence throughout the world. b) Both sites offer franchise information however in my opinion Wyndam has a more comprehensive and easily navigated information site with tabs. This information is slightly generalized as they have many different brands. Before you get specific information form Choice Hotels you have to choose your brand and location which may not be decided upon and may change from location to location. I think that the support services and the FAQ from Wyndam is more inclusive of what to expect. Choice Hotels wants you to email them for additional info and many people who are interested may just be looking for upfront costs and other items without having to email the company. Exercise #2 a) The 3 hotels compete for the same target population but each configures a different marketing style. The Four Seasons focuses on the location of the hotel and the beauty of the city in which it is located so it is attraction based. The Ritz Carlton website focuses on the room amenities and what you will experience inside the room for the duration of the stay and highlights that in scrolling photos. Rosewood highlights a full screen picture that is very different from most websites and the actual background of the site is the photo that changes with different cultural experiences that you could have as a guest at the resort in that country. b) In my opinion the hotel with the best marketing strategy is Rosewood Hotels & Resorts. This is because as the website features the different locations you see photos of actual people interacting with another from that particular region or culture. You see â€Å"yourself† in the eyes of the people who are living the experiences captured. This is very effective as it is assumed the room with be gorgeous and the amenities top notch so why not showcase the experience the guest can choose to have. c) These hotels cater to the wealthy and the people who do not look at the price of the stay but rather the experience the stay will give them and the social status of the location as well. These hotels are large and expensive as well as the contemporary dà ©cor and the sought after privacy that the guest will get. The Choice and Cendant hotel groups market their price on price and breakfast as well as comfort ability and internet amenities as they are serving the population of business personnel and families who will most likely spend most of their time out of the room at local attractions rather than entertaining in their own suite as is possible with the luxurious facilities.

Athletes and Ethics: The Choice to be Role Models

The merits and ethics of athletic scholarships, and the accountability athletes had to accept to conform to projected social norms is a contentious issue.On one hand, the pressures athletes face depend on the nature of the various normative and actual notions of role models projected onto athletes by the relevant institutions, the branches of these institutions, and society at large. However, the pressures athletes face depend on the attitude of the athlete towards the concept of the ‘role model’, and how seriously the athlete takes subjective notions of public image   and civic virtue.The social and institutional versus athlete pressure/role model dynamic essentially hinge on whether athletes should be viewed as role models, the difficulty in being a role model, whether they should indeed be expected to be role models, or if athletes even have a choice in the matter.Athletes and Ethics: Big Pressure for High School and College AthletesA young boy enters the house in h is favorite purple Lakers jersey. As he sat in front of the television, he sees his favorite basketball star, Kobe Bryant, arrested for allegedly sexually assaulting of a woman.   From the perspective of civic functionality, there are some strong views against the use of athletes as role models.Citing the high profile example of Kobe Bryant, Brown (2005) contends that there can be a discrepancy between the public persona and private deeds of high profile professional athletes. Bryant’s case is instructive of cases where an athlete’s public good standing can be shattered in the light of public scrutiny. Whether or not there was truth to the allegations, did Bryant hold any responsibility to the public regarding the damage this has to his image? Either way, he did not have a choice.Athletes as Role Models: A Perception of the Past  At issue here was the view that to be a role model was defined by the contributive function made by a member of society. Doctors, police, firefighters and soldiers were apparently more intrinsically deserving of the social abstraction of â€Å"role model.† However, the philanthropic activity of athletes did not negate their supposed lack of social function outside of a sport (Brown, 2005).The emergence of the celebrity status of athletes as role models of the youth may seem to be a product of mass media and marketing. To prove that this was not so, all puns aside, Mosher (1998) gave further credence to the image of sports people as role models.A presentation of the athletes as role models in a historical and sociological context must be done to show the perception these sports people had for the longest time. The British amateurism in the sports of the 19th century, where amateurism and elitism worked hand in glove to exclude the working classes from any participation in certain sports that were the reserved for the â€Å"civilized gentlemen† of the ruling elite (Mosher, 1998).Chivalry was the image of role models, as translated to the modern century America’s language, was both universally accepted and desirable. America, where improving one’s lot was the central pillar for its foundation, did not let amateurism find fertile ground in this self-proclaimed egalitarian nation.Hence, with professionalism and the social mobility associated with it, came the desire of upstanding role models in sport inherited by concepts of chivalry in the Old World.Going back further in time, the Greeks were seen to greatly influence how heroism was related to sports. During their time, sportsmen were regarded as heroes. Competition was something that was highly regarded and those who participated were regarded to be men who were above ordinary men (Boon, 2005).The hero figure was someone who had physical strength, courage and an innate ability to confront dangerous circumstances without fear; most of these qualities were attributed to their Greek athletes as well as to their great warr iors. A hero was the Greek’s version of the public’s role model, even if it the modern term was an understatement and less romanticized.Athletes still held the same power, influence and impact that were given by history to sportsmen. They were ideally seen to transcend mediocrity and to prove themselves by exceptional acts and to serve as perfect examples because of their superior qualities (Boon, 2005). They were seen to dominate human action and to symbolize success and perfection, as well as the conquest of evil. Thus, they were seen to be men of good character because if they were not it would mean they were imperfect and mediocre.Aside from the Greek correlation of sports and heroism, aside from physical development, how did sports become a tool to build character in the American perception? There was a time wherein sports was not even considered to be something good in American life as it was seen to be the root of gambling and everything that was un-Christian? H ow come it has now been regarded as an avenue of chivalry and gentlemanly behavior?It was during when the Church attempted to regulate sports that it was seen to serve the purpose of character development for boy and girls (Mosher, 1998). Even basketball was created to promote teamwork, self-sacrifice, obedience, self-control as well as loyalty. The biggest factor that was seen to have implanted the idea that athletes must be role models was the Olympic movement (Mosher, 1998).In the present, the analogy of comparing people of chivalry in the past to athlete role models of the present time was seen to be outdated. However, the fact that it was still existing seemed to provide the sense of intrigue as to where this concept came from and why it had survived for so long (Skidelsky, 2003).In the 19th century, sportsmen accepted the idea that they had a special duty to behave well. Athletes were seen to be required to behave under the â€Å"proponents of ‘muscular Christianityâ₠¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  as it was instilled in moral instruction of the sports (Skidelsky, 2003).This created the belief that physical robustness was expectedly connected to moral purity, something that would be indubitable in the present world of sports. The public, at present, would be constantly bombarded with how athletes were not able to cope with the pressures and temptations of fame.Unlike the requirement of the past, professional sports had ceased to require any form of moral or responsible behavior for these athletes to be successful (Glenarden, 1997). Possessing success seemed to be held by society to be more important than possessing good character, morals or ethical behavior.

Is Police Brutality a Serious Problem in the US? Essay

Introduction In the article, â€Å"Police Brutality is Over-Sensationalizedâ€Å", Auerback made plenty of logical arguments about the issue of police brutality. But, the statistics he showed was from the city of Chicago. For example the Rodney King case was the first major case tried in court. The Rodney King case was about an African American being pulled over for no apparent reason. Eventually the officer was acquitted of all charges. Why do police officers just feel that they are above the law? Are they above the law? Despite Auerback showing many valid points throughout the article, his argument was very one sided or biased. Summary The article ‘’the article police brutality is Over-Sensationalized’’, (Auerback, 2010) is about police brutality not being as big of a problem as the media makes it out to be. According to Auerback (2010) he claims’’ police brutality is not as commonplace as Americans claim’’. The author uses many statistics but they are only from the city of Chicago. But throughout the entire article he continuously was saying that police are put in challenging positions. 1st major point In the paragraph â€Å"The Thin Lineâ€Å", the author spoke about how excessive force by a police officer was a big problem. Auerback explained that police officers deal with dangerous situations through their regular day. Also, he described cases such as the Rodney King beating in Los Angeles being some of the reason police brutality was widespread. He said that the statistics he used couldn’t explicate a significant reason. In the paragraph â€Å"The Evidence Suggests Otherwiseâ€Å", Auerback clarified statistics showing that  police brutality was not as bad as the media makes it out to be. For example, there was a study done by the Urbana – Champaign independent Media Center on police brutality. The results showed that in Illinois 2854 police officers had complaints about police brutality, but surprisingly only 7 percent of the officers were regulated. Later on in the paragraph Auerback argued that police officers have the right to use excessive force to a certain extent. Basically in this paragraph the author is arguing that there isn’t enough evidence to prove police brutality isn’t a big deal. The paragraph â€Å"having the Opposite Effectâ€Å", Auerback explained how the media portrays the police sometimes makes the job harder, and hurts he communities. Throughout the paragraph he showed that police brutality was a very huge charge. Also the author showed that not all police officers are bad guys as the media portrays them. 2nd Major Point There were many logical arguments and valid questions to ask during the article â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å". One logical argument about the article would be why were there only a few arguments? If the author would have made the article a two-way debate about police brutality. The article would be drastically changed. Auerback did explain police brutality could be a problem but, he explained police are always in the right basically. Another question I had that wasn’t answered was are all police officers bad? There are valid examples that some police officers take their authority too far. Such as the Rodney King beating in Los Angeles made police brutality come to the light. But, because of some police officers making bad decisions and using excessive force, they give police a bad name. Lastly, another argument would be that a police officers` is very dangerous, but are they above the law? Most police officers are some of the nicest people you will meet. They put their lives on the line to serve and protect us citizens. However when you look at the statistics shown in the article they show cops get away a lot of crimes. Such as in the article the statistics done in Chicago. Throughout five years Chicago saw 1774 complains per year with only 5% of the officer having the complaints. But, in the identical survey done only 1 percent had enough evidence to start a case. That is very disturbing to hear. Why do the police officers get away with  such crimes? The reason is there is just not much evidence to prove the point. The three logical points made by the article would be the police was above the law, and why do they have so much power. 3rd Major Point Auerbacks` angle of vision was very demanded by his background which gives him ethos or credibility but also shows he could be biased. His background gives him a lot of credibility. For example he had seventeen years of experience in public policy and political science. He graduated from Boston College Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, also working as a federal contractor. With all being said his perspective is biased by him working with the government. The governments’ perspective is that the government is always right. Which Auerbacks’ angle of vision is basically police are always in the right no matter what. If the author would have shown both sides of the issue of police brutality the article would be more credible. Also, the statistics shown in the article was only from the city of Chicago. If Auerback showed statistics of the entire country instead of using just a metropolitan city then the article wouldn’t be so biased. Auerbacks` angle of vision discredited the article. The author made it seem like officers always has a reason to use excessive force. Conclusion In conclusion, the article â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å", spoke about how police officers use excessive force and how it was a huge problem. The author tried to downplay the issue by using examples of cases where the police officers was in the right. But, in reality there are plenty of examples of police officers using excessive force for no reason at all. His argument throughout the article was that the media over-exposes the issue. Auerback used only a certain amount of logical arguments. Despite Auerback showing many valid points throughout the article, his argument was very one-sided or biased. Works Cited Auerback, Michael. â€Å"Police Brutality is Over Sensationalizedâ€Å". John D. Ramage, John C. Bean, June Johnson. â€Å"The Allyn & Bacon Guide to Writingâ€Å" 7th Edition