Preparation of Identification by Ir and Nmr Spectroscopy Essay

The reactive dot chloride can thus be treated with a primary or secondary amine to give the amide along with HCl, which reacts with the additional amine to give an alkylammonium chloride salt. The mechanism of this process is shown on the following page in Scheme 22 pic Scheme 2 To carry out this reaction, the apparatus shown in Figure 1 go forth be assembled. The apparatus must be dry, since thionyl chloride will react with water to give sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride.The biting chloride will then be cooled to room temperature and dissolved in anhydrous ether. Ice-cold diethylamine will be added as a solution in anhydrous ether to form the amide. The resulting ether categorisation will rinse with sedimentary sodium hydroxide (to remove any excess acid chloride), then serve with hydrochloric acid (to remove any excess diethylamine).The resulting ether solution of DEET will be dried and evaporated to interpret the crude product, which will then be purified by column ch romatography to afford pure DEET. The percent throw from m-toluic acid will be determined and the product will be analyzed by transmission infrared spectroscopy (IR) as a neat sample using NaCl plates5 to confirm its anatomical structure by (1) looking at the major absorptions and comparing them to a correlation table6 and (2) by comparing the spectrum to that of an authentic sample.Thionyl chloride is nephrotoxic and corrosive Do not breath the vapors Use in a hood When heat up a reaction apparatus, be sure that it is open to the air so that pressure build up and subsequent rupture of the apparatus does not occur. When heating liquids, make sure the liquid is stirred (or a boiling chip is added) to foreclose bumping. When performing an extraction, make sure to vent the separatory funnel often to prevent pressure build-up. The apparatus shown in Figure 1 was assembled.The 10-mL reaction flask was charged with 0. 275 g of m-toluic acid (0. 0020 mol) and 0. 30 mL of thionyl chlo ride (0. 492 g, 0. 0041 mol). The condenser water was started, and the mixture was gently heated with stirring on an atomic number 13 block (block temp 90 oC) until boiling started. The reaction mixture was then gently boiled for nearly 15 minutes. After the boiling period was finished, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. 4. 0 mL of anhydrous ether were added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. To this solution was added (dropwise over a 15 minute period) a solution of 0. 6 mL of cold (0 oC) diethylamine (0. 462 g, 0. 0063 mol) in 1. 33 mL of anhydrous ether. During the addition, a thick white cloud of diethylamine hydrochloride was formed.After complete addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for about 10 minutes. 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 mL) was then added, and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 15 minutes at room temperature, then poured into a separatory funn el and allowed to separate. The aqueous layer was discarded, and the organic layer was washed with an additional portion of 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide (2 mL), followed by a portion of 10% hydrochloric acid (2 mL).The organic layer was washed with water (2 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and evaporated to yield crude N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide as dark brown liquid. The crude product was filtered by dint of a short alumina column using hexane as the eluent ( 5 mL). The hexane solution was evaporated to give 0. 340 g of pure N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide as a lily-livered liquid. Reaction of m-toluic acid with thionyl chloride, followed by diethylamine produced 0. 340 g of a yellow liquid the IR spectrum of which unequivocally showed the presence of the amide carbonyl functional group at 1633 cm-1. In addition, absorptions due(p) to aliphatic C-H (2980 2880 cm-1), and aromatic C=C (at 1585 cm-1). The IR spectrum is attached to this report.These data are consistent with the structure of N,N-diethyl-m- toluamide (DEET), shown in Figure 2 below pic Figure 2 N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) In addition, the IR of the product closely corresponds with that of an authentic sample of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) shown in the lab text. 9 Also, the 1H-NMR shows the presence of four (4) aromatic protons in the persona 7. 3 7. 1 ppm, as well as a three (3) proton singlet at 2. 35 ppm, which corresponds to the benzylic methyl group. The presence of two ethyl groups is clearly shown by the presence of two quartets which integrate to 2 protons each at 3. 53 and 3. 24 ppm, and two triplets which integrate to 3 protons each at 1. 23 and 1. 09 ppm.