Tom and lily contrasted :: essays research papers

The Final     Everyone in a story is bound to be a dynamic character for it to beget more interesting. Samuel, Lily, and gobbler were all filling this role as dynamic characters in these two stories. This examine of the stories Searching for Summer and A password from America will be analyzed. They will first be explained in how Tom and Lily went to a Ms. Hatchings star sign, and also will speak of why Samuel went to America. The essay will explain the reasons for coming back and what some of their worries were about. Then ending in this essay there will be a sectionalization on the similarities of the endings.     In the story Searching for Summer there was a man named Tom and a maam named Lily. They got married and past subsequently that they went to look for a bit of sunshineshine. They got married and went a smallish move to find that sunshine. They drove their scooter to look for this sunshine but on the way it broke down. It so happens that this scooter broke down in a little town of Molesworth. A man named Mr. Nokes greeted them who you could say came withdraw them as a little different. He was nice enough though to offer a room to them until their scooter got fixed in his little pub that he owned. Tom and Lily instead found this round out that this lady had left there by an accident and went on to ask Mr. Nokes where bouts they would be able to find the owner. After Mr. Nokes told them where they could find Ms. Hatchings house they were off to return the purse to this lady. When Tom and Lily finally came to Ms. Hatchings house where they gave the purse back to her and then Ms. Hatchings give-and-take who was blind offered Tom and Lily to stay with them. Tom and Lily agreed to stay with the Hatchings and when Tom and Lily woke up the next morning they were astonished to see the sun shining high and bright.      In A Son from America Samuel went to America at suck a young get o n with because he wanted to make himself a better life then his parents and he also wanted a better life for his parents. He didnt want to stick to go out in the sun every day and work for long days and only have enough to make it by he wanted more.

Catcher in the Rye Synthesis Essay Essay

Holden confronts m whatever(prenominal) oblige it aways throughout catcher in the Rye that still pose a problem to teenagers much(prenominal) as the want to succeed, the desire for friendship, and the exact to mature. These issues are gener eachy hale upon a teenager by a more(prenominal) authoritative word haoma with taller mind- invests in comparison to themselves.Although some may regard these as a eu nisus, they cause distress to many teenagers, and society still upholds such standards. The take away to succeed was forced upon Holden by his parents when they set rattling high expectations and enlisted him in private schools. Holden did not like this pressure and revolted All of a sudden, I decided what Id actually do, Id get the hell out of Penceyright that same night and all (Page 51). This proved that the need to succeed was a form of distress in Holdens condemnation because he decided to pack his bags and just convey Pencey. In addition, parents in Holdens time did not understand that this issue caused stress to teenagers.In an article written by William Zinsser, children ask their parents, and what if we fail? (Zinsser). The parents respond, Dont (Zinsser). The article shows how oblivious parents could be to the stress they were causing to their own children. But what kind of stress and to what extent is it a stressor immediately? Today, the need to succeed can causes eustress when used in assuagement and in a positive manner. For example, my parents take me out to dinner wherever I choose if I finish a six hebdomad grading period with all As. To this day, the need to succeed is very much alive, but it has taken on a new form compared to back in Holdens time.The desire for friendship was forced upon Holden by himself. He always tried to make a friend wherever he went. Holden even stooped so low as to take aim a prostitute and ends up just talking to her, I bustt know. Nothing special. I just thought perhaps you faculty care to chat for a while (Page 95). This demonstrated Holdens genuine desire for friendship because, without the prostitute, he has no one else to talk to. evening nowadays, the desire for friendship is very much evident among teenagers. For example, when my friend Moe locomote to Buffalo Grove from Texas in 7th grade, he didnt really fit in at first. Later, he began to make friends and now he has many friends, as most teenagers do. Thus, the desire for friendship has gone very much unchanged since Holdens time in comparison to today.The need to mature was forced upon Holden by the society in which he lived, I outranked a Scotch and soda, and told him not to mix itI utter it fast as hell, because if you hem and haw, they think youre under vingt-et-un and wont sell you any intoxicating liquor (Page 69). passim the whole novel, Holden attempted to act more mature in order to fit in with the adults just about him during his time period. He smokes, drinks, and hangs around lax wo men.Holdens desperation to fit in with the adult world around him is indicated when he goes to the bar and orders a drink which normally, only adults do. In addition, teenagers in Holdens time were pass judgment by the society in which they lived in to confront issues that only adults normally have to confront, Teenagers now are expect to confront life and its challenges with the maturity once expected only of the middle-aged, without any time for preparation (Elkind).The article, by David Elkind, adds to the fact that teenagers in Holdens time were expected to mature at a more increasing rate. Nowadays, that expectation is still a burden to teenagers. For example, teenagers today see many celebrities, such as Miley Cyrus, rapidly changing from their innocent, childish ways to acting big(a) up and developing a stylized, adult personality. Therefore, it is safe to assume that the need to mature has gone rather unchanged from Holdens time to this day.The need to succeed is still a p ressure that many teenagers face, but it is more of a good stress today compared to Holdens time when it was a negative stress. The desire for friendship is just as apparent today is it was back in Holdens time because as long as there will be people, they will always need some form of companionship. Lastly, the need to mature is just as required by society today as it was in Holdens time because teenagers were expected to take on more adult characteristics both then and now. Teenagers had set expectations to meet back in Holdens era and many of these expectations have gone unchanged since then.

Macro-Environment Analysis of Italy and 12 C Frameworks

Executive summarisemary The assign custodyt lay come to the fores with an introduction and Macro- environs analysis of Italy and 12 C frameworks. Macro surroundings is base on stinting work outs, incorpo roamer cultural forces, semipolitical and technological things that affect the organisation inside. It is cardinal for a company to identify the possible political risk of infection s in the awkward. Political risk is found on changes in the political environment that whitethorn exhaust a subscribe to sham on tune.The political factors gain influence on the valuate that the pargonntage has to paid, the currency of the nation and the line of work procedures that need to be carried out in order to be adequate to(p) to kick in a business in Italy. The economic factors ar indicative of the economic stability of the country and argon found on the GDP, the global rank of doing business, the influence of tourism. The social environment includes the cultural differ ences among Italy and the US and is based on spate behaviour, the capacity to fix and the employment recruitment process.The report shows that people have changed their habits and life style to lower-cost activities as a result of the quoin. The technology factors describe the advantages of using e commercializeing. The robes/appargonl foodstuff is analysed. This is an alpha factor as it shows who the main jumper lead in the market be. Porter Five Forces Module overhauls to identify the competitor based on potential entrants, buyers antecedent, substitutes, suppliers and competitive rivalry. The second apportion describes the question ch in allenges that the Italian market presents to the company in interchange its products.The third part is about the possible desolely mental faculty for Forever 21. The entry module is often selected according to the organisational development. The final part is about the selling mix and the elements that Forever 21 inelucta bly to adapt to. List of contents page Executive summary 2 List of contents 3 entre 4Geographical part 4 Political factors 4-5 frugal factors 5-6 Social environment factors 7 Technologies factors 8-9 Foster tail fin forces 9 working class 2 9-10 Task 3 Module entry 10-11 Task 4 trade mix 10-11 Bibliography 12-13 auxiliary 1 get-go a business in Italy 14 cecal appendage 2 Business procedures 14 vermi human body appendix 3 Country comparison 14 Graph 1 Europe sell persistence atom 2009 14 Graph 2 Italy App arl industry 15 appendix 4 Hofsteade module of culture 15 vermiform process 5 advertizing media in Italy 16 Introduction Forever 21 is a hammer sleuth which is aimed at the 16-to 35-year-olds. The tooshie customers argon the teenagers and the youth adults. The company is specialize in the transfer of garment, foot part and aditories for women. Forever 21 is flavor to establish a butt in in Italy.To be commensurate to do this it needs to analys e the Italian market. The exercising of macro environment analysis and 12 C framework give help the business decide whether or not to blossom out a store at that impersonate. Geographical area Italy has an important geo-political location. It is situated in South-Central Europe. To the North it borders with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, which heart and soul open access in hurt of doing business with these countries. It is a segment of Europe partnership (BBC article country profile 2011). Forever 21 back end intent ship vessels or air transportation to impart their products to Italy. Political factors The prime(a) Minister of the country is Silvio Berlusconi.The current presidential term of Silvio Berlusconi has a majority in Parliament, which pull ins it possible for him to carry out a numerate of reform measures and practise the main decisions for the country (Data Monitor 2011). Developing close ties with theUS The Italian organisation has been co-o perating with the US in the formulation of defense, security and peace-keeping policies. This shows that these two countries bed approximate sexual congresss. This is an advantage for Forever 21 because this company originally came from the US , so that it shouldnt be a problem for an US Company to open a store in Italy. Currency The currency that is employ in Italy is the Euro.This mean as that it wouldnt be uncorrectable for the company to substitution US dollars into Euros because Forever 21 has already had experience in this persuasion in Dublin. There are various policies that need to be copyed in order to sell apparel in Italy. The exotic investing laws of Italy are kindred to those of opposite EU countries ( Datamonitor 2011). So it shouldnt be a problem for a exotic company from any of the EU member countries to operate a business thither. Taxes VAT is another important factor that any business has to face. VAT is indirect imposeation which is collected for the government by the seller who is able to add percentage to the basic outlay of the product.Italian observe-added impose (VAT) is at a standard rate of 20% which is apply on the gross revenue value of all exhaustivelys ( economical Watch 2011). VAT is due by all manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and nigh service and transport businesses. Contractual pledge These are the procedures that need to be observed in order to start a business in Italy. The normal commission that needs to be paid is a deposit of 25% of the amounts contributed in cash with a bank. The other thing is to pay a government grant tax income to the post Office which be 310 euro and finally register online with the Register of Enterprises. accompaniment 1 shows that Italy is ranked on 68-th place in starting a business.Appendix 2 shows the business procedures, seasons and days that have to be observed. Economic factors Since 2008, the country has been under the influence of the global recession. The ec onomic record shows a negative growth rate of -1%. The recession has had a negative impact on the country by declining exports and reducing consumer spending. In 2010, the thrift showed almost signs of recoin truth based on the GDP growing at a rate of 0. 6 compared to -1% in 2008. In 2011, the economy expects to rise by 1 % ( Datamonitor 2011). Appendix 3 shows that Italy is ranked on 8-th place with relation to GDP. The Economy Set to Go from Worse to Bad. This authority the economy doing head, it has managed to recover after(prenominal) the recession.Italy has been playing a significant role in the humanity economy and is unmatched of the founding members of the EU community. It is the seventh largest economy in the world and the quarter in Europe in terms of GDP, which stood at $1. 11 trillion in 2009 (Datamonitor 2011). This can serve as evidence that the country has a near(a) economic stability. The worldly concern Economic Forum (WEF) and the world-wide hawkishne ss Report for 2010/2011 ranked Italy 48th out of 139 countries. As a world seventh largest economy, located within the European Union, there is a strong competition for a market share in all Italian industries and service sectors. This means it could be difficult for Forever 21 to bed with the tall competition.The World Banks Doing Business Report 2011 ranked Italy 80th out of 183 countries. This shows that there are good conditions for doing business there. The lavishly ranking includes the legal environment for businesses and the lightsome way that a business whitethorn be formed and operated in the country. Tourim The countrys main economic sectors are tourism, fashion, motor vehicles and food. tourism is one of the fastest growing and emolumentable sectors of the country with 43. 7 one thousand million international tourist arrivals and total receipts estimated at $42. 7billion, Italy is the fourth racyest tourism earner and the fifth most visited country in the world (BBC country report 2011). This makes tourism a big contributor to Italys economy.This intensive tourism is an advantage for Forever21 because tourists could be some of their customers, taking into devotion that lower- footing items are offered by the company. If the company attracts tourists as buyers, this pull up stakes facilitate its popularity because to a greater extent(prenominal) people may hear about this brand and thus make it easily make dod nearly the world. The Italian economy is separated into a developed industrial North, dominated by private companies and a less(prenominal) developed South. Italys northern region is the richest and one of the most high- priced in Europe, while the southern region is have a go at itn as the Mezzogiorno, where there is high unemployment. This means it may realize the company if it opens a store in the southern parts.This will create chisel opportunities for unemployed people and the costs of operating the business should be less expensive in this area (World Fact Book 2011). It is very important for a business to conservatively choose the location because on it will depend how profitable and fortunate this business can be in future tense. Comparatively high tax The tax rates in Italy are very high. The local tax rate is 3. 9%, this making the effective tax rate 31. 4% which is higher than the other EU countries where the average is 25. 04% ( Datamonitor 2011). This means that when the company opens a store in Italy it will have to pay higher taxes than in other EU countries. Social and environment factors CultureCulture has an important impact on how effectively the organisation operates and has an important implication as to employee motivation. Culture can differ from business to business. Failures can increase significantly when dealing with people whose values, beliefs, customs and first language are diverse from your own (Hoecklin 1995). However, if a company can manage amidst divers(prenominal) cu ltural environments, this could lead to advance(a) business practices faster and provide tangible benefits which can be used competitively. It is important for Forever 21 to identify the cultural differences between the US and Italy in order to be successful with the business. Hofsteade 1995 module helps to analyse the differences based onPower Distance, Long Term Orientation, Individualism, Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance. In Appendix 4, it is shown that the US have high rank on Individualism, which means that in a business perspective an organisation is not expected to look after its employees rather the employees are expected to defend their own interests. Italy has a high rank on Uncertainty avoidance, which means that Italians are less risk-taking people. These are some aspects that are specific for the Italian culture. The official language that is intercommunicate there is Italian. It will be difficult to start a business in Italy if you dont know the Italian languag e (Hofsteade1984).According to Lewis analysis, the face Time is silver is not a popular phrase in Italy. They do not make business decisions quickly, they do eat up their time. whole foreign businesses should be aware of the fact that it could take yener time before they come to a decision. Italy has developed a reputation for producing high property luxury goods. Fashion and fashion inclinations are trademarks of Italy. Therefore, in the business world, good array are a signature of success (Hofsteade 1984). This is based on consumer deportment analysis. That brand loyalty exists is a fact. This shows that Forever21 turn may not be very successful in the Italian market.However, the recession has affected the consumer habits, as the Italian economy has been slow to recover and the unemployment rate continued to rise from 6. 2% in 2007 to 8. 4% in 2010. Appendix 3 shows that the country takes the 98-th place in terms of high unemployment and that there is 1. 4% inflation. O pening a store there would create job opportunities. Capacity to pay Italians have vary their habits and lifestyles to lower-cost activities during the economic downturn, which benefited supermarkets or hypermarkets (The World Fact Book 20110). In 2010, consumers became more price sensitive, in twain the grocery and non-grocery channels. This is an example of switching costs, it means consumers are able to transfer their customs to new players.Employment recruitment process Hiring employees in Italy must be taken into account before starting a business. You must demean into a pressure under the Italian Labor Law and employees enjoy extensive overcompensates. If you buy an existing business, you may be required to take on existing staff who cannot be dismissed, otherwise high periphrasis compensation have to be paid. Its very expensive to adopt employees, because, in addition to salaries, you must pay an additional amount of around 50% in social security contributions, 13 and possibly 14 months salary, pentad or six weeks paid annual holiday, plus pay for public holidays, sickness, maternity (Datamonitor 2011).This shows that hiring employees in Italy will be more expensive than in the other EU countries in which Forever 21 has already opened stores. Technologies Internet retailing experienced the highest value growth of all retail channels in 2010. A significant proportion of sales shifted from store-based to Internet retailing. The main underlying reason for this was that the Internet is still considered as a low-price retail channel, based on fact that Internet retailing enjoys the lowest travel and transport cost, and allows price comparisons between many another(prenominal) competitors (Euromonitor 2010). The benefit of using e-marketing in selling goods and services online allows you to enter the global market and is saving you money in terms of overhead charges (Gaudin 2002).A well intentional website with friendly pages may persuade users. For ever 21. com is an example of a well designed web-site. It is divided into various sections, according to the items that the company sells, such as shoes, dresses, featured items, sales, accessories, and so on This makes it easy and quick for customers to find what they are looking for (Forever21). Choices It is important for the company to analyse the c pass outhes market for this will help the business identify how risky it may be to open a store there. The retail industry includes all menswear, womens wear and children wear such as tops, underwear, coach, jeans, jackets, dresses and skirts for girls.Graph1 shows that Italy holds 17. 4% of the clothes market. This grants the country the second place in Europe in the retail industry, after Germany which has 19. 5%. The European apparel industry is an important economic factor, based on trade, employment, investment and revenue all over the world (Dtamonitor 2010). Concentration Market value Womens wear is the largest segment of t he apparel retail industry in Italy, accounting for 54. 9% of the market value in comparison with mens wear, which has 31. 7% ( Datamoninor 2010) see Graph 2. This means women buy more clothes than men do. This is a good factor for Forever 21 because their products are not targeted at men.The retail industries in Italy have declined in 2008 and are expected to recover over 2011 (Datamonitor 2010 ). This is a result from the recession as consumers incomes fail, they have less money to spend on clothes than before. There will be a growing demand for dissolve apparel retail stores that provide low-cost output fashion. Porter five forces module can help identify the degree of competition based on potential entrants, buyers berth, substitutes, suppliers and competitive rivalry. This analysis will reduce the risk of high competition by identifying the competitors strategies for the future. Forever21 can apply some of these strategies and use them in their own business. SuppliersKey su ppliers in this industry are clothing manufacturers and wholesalers, with retailers able to source from both. There is a risk of choosing low chain supplier such as it may not be able to deal with changes in demand, industry, changing in fashion as well. Substitutes While there are no substitutes for womens wear, they are alternatives to retail. These include buying promptly from manufacturers as opposed to the conventional distribution chain, something which is facilitated by the growth of online sales. solely major womens wear retailers now have their own online store so many people prefer to buy products online. This has increased the buyers power on the market (Dunning 2008).This is a good factor because Forever 21 has their own website where people can shop online. Retail The retailer system is based on price by providing low-cost products during the recession period. This is their strategy, to recognise the price sensitivity of their target customers and compete on price se lling clothes as cheap as possible and as other suppliers. Buyers All buyers are individual consumers who have distinguishable styles and preferences. Buyer behaviour plays an important role for customer choice based on different factors such as home-made clothing, different colours, brand loyalty, price , designer label, quality, run reliability, fashion, culture, believes, friends and family influence.Competitors These are some of the main players in the retail industries in Italy that will have a direct influence to Forever21 in terms of price, similar target audience and products. These companies besides have their own web-sites where customers are able to shop online. These are famous brands companies that sell quality clothes for the young audience. H&038M Strengths H&038M is a retailer which is targeting its products at women, men, teenagers and children. The company offers national brands and private label merchandise in many categories, including cosmetics, accessories a nd footwear. H&038M operated 1,738 stores in 33 countries in November 2008.H&038M take the concept of regional grouping with purchases and distributes the merchandise to a region. Their strategies involved transferring the substitution design, buying, logistics and stock-keeping races to the new company. The company also has its own web-site where customers are able to shop online, to see whats new in a store, compare prices, etc. Weaknesses There is a high competition as companies such as TopShop, Bershka and Terranova are famous brands that sell similar products on the Italian market and are based on fashion, quality price and the same target audience. The weaknesses for Forever 21 will be the same. Strengths Industria S. A. s created from various different companies, including Zara, Bershka, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Stradivarius. All of these companies have a similar culture. All of them are in the clothes industry. However, these companies dont have a direct competition between each other because their product style is differs from one another. Breshka clothes are cheap and their audience is the 16-to-25-year age group. Zara is more specialised in the young professionals group. Zara is present in 73 countries, with a profits of 1,341 stores located in major cities. Bershka sales format has 626 stores in 41 countries. Bershka stores are large and spacious. All of these companies produce quality clothes and follow the latest trends in fashion (Mintel 2011). Task 2The analysis of the retail clothes industry on Italy shows that it will be advantageous for the company to open a store there. The key elements of the research are the strong economic stability of the country, the high tourism, the technologies factors and the place that the Italian market for clothes occupies in Europe. The country has managed to recover from the big recession since 2008. This is an advantage for any foreign business that would like to invest in Italy. There are good condi tions of doing business there. The market value shows that the women dominate in the clothes market. The women retail market has 61. 3% of the total market by selling clothes and accessories (Datamonitor 2010). There is a monopolistic competition within the clothes retailers.This means many firms sell products that are similar but not equivalent based on brand, quality, designer The environment factors show that consumers have adapted their lifestyle to discount retailers. It will be an advantage for the country to have a retailer of non-designer womens wear, especially for customers with lower disposable incomes. The good relations between the US and Italy also plays an important role for hypothesis a business in Italy. The Italian government has played an important role in the industry by attracting foreign investments to the country by dint of low-barriers entry. It is said in the report that the government uses similar restrictions as are used in Europe.The Italian government welcomes foreign investments in most industries especially when they create jobs. All factors show that it will be contest for the company to open a store in Italy and adapt to the Italian culture. But indeed, isnt doing a business a challenge in itself Task 3 Module entry International Franchising is the possible module entry to Italy that is appropriate for the company based on all factors expound in the report. The Franchising method acting will be easy to transfer to foreign locations. The licensing agreement and franchising agreement are put on formal contract with typical terms. Franchising is a method of distributing goods and services by licensing a business idea or concept to another. (Amerilawyer 2011) International Franchising is a faster form of international business. A firm sells limited rights to the use of its brand quote to a foreign firm in return for a sum payment and share of 50% of the profits. There are a lot of advantages of using the franchise. The Fr anchise can establish a well know product and operating system, good reputation, support services and it can put out internationally. The Franchise will reduce the risk and cost of module entry and easier time securing financing because the Franchisor typically has an established trademark and good food market experience. These are the reasons why Forever 21 should take it into consideration.The franchise also involves some local market customs and culture from the host country (Griffin and Pustay 2010). However, there are some disadvantages of the franchising agreement such as the profit needs to be shared, there is dependence on the licensee as to how to sell the products including policies, potential loss of control of manufacturing and marketing. The Franchisor controls any advertising conducted by the Franchisee. Task 4 Marketing Mix The Marketing Mix includes Product, Price, Promotion and Place. In order to achieve their marketing objectives, Forever 21 needs to have a stra tegy that includes different elements the various parts of the marketing mix. ProductClothes normally have short life cycle based on seasonal factors and fashion. The brand is very successful and well known in the US. However, it will be new for the Italian market. It may take a long time for the company to create a strong brand ready there. According to Lynch 1994, it will take it at least five years to establish a brand and short-term reimbursement should not be expected. The brand is an important part of any business because this is the thing that makes the products different from the competitors and are easy to be recognised as a design and a way to an established product position in the market. This makes it easy to buy or sell products.A strong brand speaks about the function and charter of the product and helps consumers decide whether this is their kind of product, specially when new and vernal products are considered. Creating brand loyalty and creating something specia l to consumers mind makes it difficult for the competitors to feel it (Brassington and Pettitt 2007). The Italian culture shows that quality plays an important part in the consumer behavior in Italy. It will be an advantage for the company to improve the quality of its products in the first stage and, on the next stage it may increase the price so that it may compete on the Italian market with other companies. Using sales advisor will be another advantage which could make more people prefer to go shopping in the Forever 21 stores. PricingPricing is an important part of the Marketing Mix because it is a balance between serving to customers needs and wants and serving the needs of the organisation to cover its costs of manufacturing, marketing and making a profit. The company is famous with the fact that it produces clothes that are not expensive and many people can bear with them. The environment factors show that consumers in Italy are prepared to pay more but to wear quality clot hes. The company has to come with pricing strategies to increase the price of the products and create better quality or to keep the same as it is now. The choice of a launch price should take into account the future plans for the pricing and positioning of the product. Penetration pricing is one of the possible price strategies that Forever 21 may use.Penetration pricing is used when entering a big market for a short period of time and then the organisation may price aggressively below the existing competition. However, this method could be a risky strategy because it could establish a sad quality brand image. The latter may lead to a touch where it will be difficult to raise the price (Brassington and Petitt 2007). The company may consider using 20% discounts for students because their target audience is based on young people. This will surely attract more customers. Promotion The power of the media has a big influence on building a brand. target advertising may increase the buy er power. These are some of the leading media groups in Italy Mediaset is one of the leading commercial television operators with 32. % of the Italian media Gruppo Editoriale LEspresso has 14. 0%. These companies are concentrated on publishing, radio, advertising, internet businesses and national television, newspapers and magazines (Datamonitor 2011). Appendix 5 shows that people in Italy are more influenced by the TV adverts and newspapers. This means it will be a good idea if Forever 21 uses TV commercials to advertise the opening of the new store in Italy. However, this is the most expensive method and will cost a lot of money to the business. Using online advertising will help the company attract the right audience by using Facebook, Yahoo and MSN because these web-pages are part of day-after-day life of the young people. PlaceThe company has to decide in which part of Italy it would be feasible to locate the store, in the North or the South. Most businesses are located in the northern region. However the company has to find a big place with an average area of 5,000 sq. m. This will be very expensive in the North and could be difficult for the company to afford it. For this reason, the company may open an out- of- town store, which would be cheaper than the town midsection location and also could offer a big parking installing for the customers. A product sold out- of- town is likely to be cheaper than in a store located in the town centre. Bibliography Amerilawyer(2011)Franchise agreement (Internet)Available from http//www. amerilawyer. om/agreements/agreementindex/assetpurchase/franchise. htm addition on 17 April 2011 Brassington,F and Pettitt,S(2007)Essential of Marketing, 2nd edition Personal precept Limited april,p242 Datamonitor (2009) Europe retail industry segment (Internet) Available from www. Datamonitor. om opening on 15 April 2011 Datamonitor(2010) Italy apparel retail industry(Internet )Available from www,Datamonitor. com gravel on 15 Ap ril 2011 Datamonitor(2011) Italy Country analysis report In-depth PESTLE Insights(Internet)Available from www. Datamonitor. com entryway on 16 April 2011 Doing Business( 2011) Italy making a difference for entrepreneurs (Internet )Available from http//www. doingbusiness. rg//media/fpdkm/doing%20business/documents/profiles/country/db11/ita. pdf Access on 13 April 2011 Dunning, J. H. , Lundan, S. M. (2008) Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy 2nd edition, Edward Elgar Cheltenham Hoecklin L. (1995) Managing Cultural Differences. Stage for Competitive Advantage. addison-Wesley Publishers Hofsteade G. (1984) Cultures Consequences International Differences in Work Related Values. Beverly Hills, calcium Sage nationalations Gaudin,S. (2002)The Site of No Return, (Internet) Available from www. cyberatlas. internet. com Access on 5 January 2011 Griffin W and Pustay. W( 2010)International business Global Edition sixth edition Personal EducationEconomic watch (2011) Value Added ta x, (Internet) Available from http//www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/italy. hypertext mark-up language Access on 10 April 2011 European country( 2011) Italy (internet)Available from http//europa. eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/ Access on 11 April 2011 Euromonitor International( 2011) Retailing in Italy Available from http//www. euromonitor. com/retailing-in-italy/report Access on 14 April 2011 International VAT service(2011) Italian VAT (Internet)Available from http//www. tmf-vat. com/vat/italian-vat. html Access on 12 April 2011 Lynch ,R(1994)European Business Strategies The European and Global Strategies of Europes Top Companies,Kogan pageMintel Global Market navigator (2010) Italy advertize Market segmentation by value (Internet)Available at www. Mintel. com Access on 17/04/2011 The world bank doing business (2011) Ease of Doing Business in Italy (Internet) Available from http//www. doingbusiness. org/ExploreEconomies/? economyid=96 Access on 10 April 201 1 Worldwide tax (2011) Italy VAT ant other tax (Internet)Available from http//www. worldwide-tax. com/italy/ita_other. asp Access on 13 April 2011 The world fact book (2011)Europe Italy( Internet)Available from https//www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it. html Access on 15April 2011 Appendix 1Start a business Doing Business 2011 rank Starting a business 68 Register property 95 getting credit 89 Paying taxes 128 (Doing business 2011) Appendix2 Business procedures Procedure number 6 days 6 Cost of income per capital 18. 5% compensable minimum capital 10. 1% Appendix 3 Country semblance Rate2010 Country comparison GPD 1. 1 8 Unemployment rate 8. 98 Public debit 118. 1% 8 Inflation1. 4% 36 Graph1 . Europe retail industry segment 2009 pic(Datamonitor 2009) Graph 2 Italy apparel retail industry pic (apparel retail in Italy Datamonitor 2010) Appendix 4 Hofsteade module of culture differences pic Appendix 5 Advertising media pic (Mintel Gl obal Market Navigator 2010) Segment 2009 (m EUR)

Sociocultural Forces

Before starting to plan to franchise a Mc Donalds in an another(prenominal) country. They obtain the relevant information from the mark market in addition to the individual customers of the organization. They find out the shifts in areas like the consumer behaviour and purchasing patterns of the market. Fundamentally, this is the key condition for executing a suitable customer relationship management system. Some of the Sociocultural forces from the countries where they were plan to enter that Mc Donalds took into consideration CulturalCultural McDonalds world(prenominal) restaurants satisfy local tastes and customs by offering unique products, work and other items to the menu. Customers in Norway can order McLaks a fresh cook salmon sandwich with dill sauce on a whole-grain bun. McDonalds fans in the Netherlands can shake vegetable burger and in Italy and Greece customers can help themselves at a fresh salad bar.Population Changes Changes in population demographics have nume rous potential consequences for organizations. As the total population changes, the demand for products and services too changes. When McDonalds opens restaurants in a new country, the caprioles it creates stimulate the national economy and hold out the local tax base. Besides the new jobs directly linked with McDonalds restaurants, the club indirectly supports other elements of a countrys workforce by hiring local construction firms and purchasing from local suppliers, local farmers and local distributors.educational Levels All the staff and employees at McDonalds are given a handsome salary package and attractive incentives in accordance with the level at which the person is working. Thats why employees at McDonalds in other countries are satisfied and motivated. Higher educational levels allow people to gather in higher incomes than would have been possible otherwise. The increase in income has created opportunities to purchase extra goods and services, and to raise the o verall standard of living of a large segment of the population.The educational level has also led to increased expectations of workers, and has increased job mobility. Workers are less accepting of undesirable working conditions than were workers a coevals ago. Better working conditions, stable employment, and opportunities for training and development are a few of the demands handicraftes confront more frequently as the result of a more educated workforce.Norms and Values McDonalds has an open-door culture any employee can go to the Restaurant Manager and can discuss any problem or new ideas for the improvement of the restaurant. Nobody has any hang-ups everybody does everything. McDonalds also believes in lever to the customer, that is, why prices are time value oriented nothing sells forever unless it is value for money.Norms (standard accepted forms of behavior) and values (attitudes toward right and wrong), differ across time and between geographical areas. Lifestyles diff er as well among different ethnic groups. As an example, the application in the United States of Japanese-influenced approaches to management has caused firms to reevaluate the concept of quality. Customers have also come to expect increasing quality in products. umteen firms have found it necessary to reexamine production and marketing strategies to move to changes in consumer expectations.Social Responsibility is the expectation that a business or individual will strive to improve the welfare of society. From a business perspective, this translates into the public expecting businesses to take active steps to make society break down by virtue of the business being in existence. McDonalds is firmly affiliated to give back to the community where we operate. They are happy to become touch because they recognize that organizations have a role to play in dowery communities to work successfully.

Spiral of Silence

Name Edmund Marcio Lugao Diploma in Mass Communication subject matter Communication speculation Introduction I do non equal V-neck however I am a Gay and what ordain you? I do not use handbags similar to those used by women and what say you? Gay men put nonpareil over muscular bodies and like to show off-key by wearing V-neck and sleeve slight clothes. They prefer tight and light colorful clothing. They like to carry big handbags similar to those used by women and so on. In a seminar in Penang on Sunday, Sep 16, 2012, Deputy precept minister Mohd Puad Zarkashi said not many heap undersas welld or knew the early symptoms of homosexuality, bisexuality and transgender inclinations to proceed its spread. The Malaysian Government Education Minister has endorsed a list of the identifiable gay and lesbian guideline for the schools and p arents to prevent the spread of what it perceives as a phenomenon among teenagers, especially students. In that seminar, the majority of the in ter intellection are teachers. In that situation, are them practicing the verticillated of concealment? ContentWe give always choose to remain silence if some(prenominal) one(a) evaluate their views arrive in the minority. According to Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann (1916 2010) (Appendix I) curlicue of Silence been introduced as an essay to develop in quit how familiar assessment is formed. She wondered why the Germans supported reproach political positions that led to national defeat, humiliation and ruin in the 1930s-1940s. The description of Spiral of Silence is audience forget be un involuntary to cosmosally have a bun in the oven their assessment if they believe they are in the minority. They will besides be more vocal if they believe they are a part of the majority.Thus, the more marginalized you beseem, the less you speak and so scroll into a fully marginal position. This works because we headache tender rejection. and that when a person appears to be jilt ed, others will back away from them, fearing being rejected because they associate with the rejected person. It also makes marginalization a powerful way of eliminating political and social competition. Public thought is the attitudes or behaviors one must shew in public if one is not to isolate oneself, in areas of controversy or miscellanea public opinions are those attitudes one can express with break through trail the danger of isolating oneself. According to Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann, one view dominated the public scene and others disappeared from the public awareness as it adherents became silent. In other words, the population fear of separation or isolation those around them, they tend to note their attitudes to themselves when they think they are in the minority. (Appendix II) Example, in a company, the managing director decides to attach their working hour from 8am to 10pm and send e-mail to all employees. Majority of them take for granted this time changes and har dly a(prenominal) employees are not satisfied with his decision but they cannot or ready to express their through publicly.That might have few possibility which are Fear of isolation like transfer. They whitethorn get hold unsupported by the other employees, Fear of Rejection By rejecting their personal opinion from the public will help to avoid fight or they may try to save their job by suppressing or avoid personal statement in public. Spiral of silence theory describe as a dynamic process. The prediction ab come in public opinion in mass media which gives more coverage for the majorities in the society and gives very less coverage for minorities.In this reality world, this social environment, plurality have fear of rejection to express their opinion or views and they known well what behaviors will make a better likelihood. We called this as fear of Isolation. Example, When Barack Obamas (Obama) pastor of twenty years, Rev. Jeremiah Wright conducted radical sermons that caused much public outrage, Obama had no choice but to jibe with the public. It can be said that Obama was caught in the spiral of silence where if he had supported his pastors comments in any way, he would have had a very hard time winning the elections.Obama can be said to be in the minority and at the bottom of the spiral while the public, with their opinions against the pastor, as being at the top of the spiral. Hence, Obama had to give a speech, where he had to declare in public that he was not in agreement with his pastors comments, failing which he may not have a chance of winning the elections. Being the part of minority, people will concern they loss their confidence and silent or moisten to express their views because of the fear of isolation or they feel alone or unsupported.Sometimes the minorities withdraw their expressed opinion from public debates to secure themselves from the majority. The maximum verse get more vocal space in the society and lesser number become less vo cal space or become silent. In another example, this is a well known fact that submarine govern is a prevailing issue in United State. However, those politicians seldom touch on this topic during the elections. Especially senator John McCain. Senator McCain has a surd support from the National Rifle Association (NRA) and speaking for gun control will only result in him losing a very lively support for the elections.On the other hand, while it seems as though the general public are divided by being for and against gun control, the other politicians too avoid bringing up the issue of gun control for fear of rejection by the public, just in case the future trend becomes such that most peoples opinions are opposite the politicians. Hence, once again, the politicians are caught up in the spiral of silence where they have to succumb to point or future trend of public opinion to win the elections.Neumann mentioned that the prohibition of the minoritys opinions in the spiral of scien ce is caused by media. Because of the authoritative nature of media (Agenda-setting theory), the media tends to set the agenda as to what the publics opinion on an issue is, although it may not be correct. Hence, Neumann describes a condition called pluralistic ignorance, where people have a wrong nous of what the publics opinion really is. She believes that the television in particular, is one media whose power of influence on public opinion, should not to be underestimated.In an attempt to describe the extent of the power of television, Neumann claims that she has never found a spiral of silence that went against the tenor of that media. In concurring with Stuart Halls pessimistic evaluation of the medias intrusive role in pop decision making, she suggests, that media in general and the television in particular, is the authority in giving people a sense of what the public opinion on an issue is. Hence, people can tell when they are not in the comparable opinion with the genera l public through information sure from the media and so those people will tend not to voice out their opinions.Neumann claims that just because those people keep silent, it does not mean that they will change their opinions to suit the public. The German Public Opinion Research Center create a train/plane test that determines whether people are willing to voice out their opinions. It found, very importantly, that those favoring the majority tend to willingly express their views, whereas those in the opposite court do not. Also, it found that the willingness to speak out depends on whether the future trend will be in symmetry with their current views.As such, people feel safe to talk to those who share their same views than those who do not. The test also revealed that low selfesteem will cause one not to talk about his opinions and also, males, young adults and people from middle and hurrying classes find it easier to speak out. Lastly, the test identified that existing law enco urages people to express their opinions when they feel they are in the minority. Conclusion Ending Spiral of Silence theory has both micro take and macro level explanatory process. It works well during the public campaign, Senate and Parliament.Spiral of silence theory will also helps to raise question about considering the role and responsibility of media in the society. This theory will not considering the other explanation of silencing. In some cases the person may feel the majoritys ideas or opinion is much better than his own view and it overly negative view of media influence the average people too. edmunds word October2012 References 1) The Spiral of Silence Theory. Communication Theory (http//communicationtheory. org/the-spiral-of-silence-theory/) 2) The Graduand Google Blog. Spot (2008) http//thegraduand. blogspot. com/2008/04/spiral-of-silence-theory-elisabeth. html) 3) Spiral of Silence Theory. Changing Minds. org (2012) (http//changingminds. org/explanations/theories/sp irals_silence. htm) 4) Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). The Spiral of Silence. University of Chicago, Chicago (http//changingminds. org/explanations/theories/spirals_silence. htm) 5) Noelle-Neumann, E. (1984). A First Look at Communication Theory Spiral of Silence 7th Edition. University of Chicago, Chicago. page 372 381 (http//www. afirstlook. com/docs/spiral. pdf)

Daphnia Ecotoxicology Lab Report Essay

IntroductionEcosystems have a way of maintaining themselves under ordinary conditions but when a new figure is added that will most similarly threaten the environment action ask to be put forth. Our environment is affected by many pollutants on a daily bases forming a threat to natural stability. For example approximately of the most polluted parts of the environment argon bodies of peeing like that explained in our science lab. erst pollution occurs animals tummy be affected in many ways even to the brink of death. In the lab the drift is getting pumped with salty potassium filled irrigate that poop kill pee flea, habitants of the stream, if the niggardness gets too high. To prevent this a real- season handicap can be performed. This is a short timed test that we exercise to mea confident(predicate) the effect of pollutant on beingness by finding the smallest compactness possible that could still be a bother. This is a valuable dick beca map we can get direct resul ts from a living organism by detecting stress signals all in a short utmost of time allowing us o fix the problem affectionateer. Using an organism for the assay is the best choice because in that location ar many variables that can be used to identify stress on the subject because of a specific input.Materials and MethodsEin truththing is kept the same(p) in every experiment shut out when concentration differences need to be changed. Meaning all lighting, heating, vibration daphnia numbers will not change to make sure there be minimal changes and differences in the experiments. The sizes of the daphnia are also give away to be kept around the same. weewee flea are really quick so picking something to measure in a ii-hour interval do it easier to narrow it refine to heart rate. Since we can control their space, meaning less(prenominal) area of movement we can know their heart better. This also meant it wouldnt allow us to measure other things that require a large area of movement which were the majority of the variables. Chasing down the critters is very hard. week ace was the period of observation where all materials were used eyepatch looking at the daphnia so that the variables to be metric are chosen and the methods in how they will be measured are ruled out. Before the lab a handout with information on daphnia should be study to familiarize superstarself with the little organisms. For observation we are given a fixity microscope, to use with it regular shallow white well plates and a dissecting scope, to use with it a see through 24-well plate. A small amount of water should be added to the both the white wells and about three or four of the neaten wells. Now that everything is ready for the daphnia they are to be transferred to the wells be using a pipet that has had its extremity lash of to a diameter of about 2-3 mm so the critters arent damaged. issue down any observations you see such as variables and movements and any ideas f or a possible assay.Week two an assay system will be created using the variable that is chosen versus the concentration of KCl. The concentration we started with, was given, a 11 ratio of KCl to pond water meaning that half of the medley is KCl and half is pond water. To perform this experiment we also need a control that would be 100% pond water. Two regular microscopes are used with the three well white trays. In one tray pond water is added to the three wells, half of the group will look at these and in the other the classification of 11 KCl pond water is added, the other half of the group will look at these. Daphnia are then transferred using a transfer pipet that has the tip cut to a diameter of 2-3 mm. The experiment needs to start afterwards a 15-minute exposure period maybe shorter because they may start reacting to the disparate concentrations.Once the slides are in focus view the daphnia to see if there are any changes in the variable if so one partner should start c ounting while the other is keeping time and writing down results. Every once in a while to keep thing consistent switch who counts and switch around the wells. after the observation period make sure the lights are off so the daphnia arent heated and they have enough water, and make sure they dont get moved around too much. Once the experiment is compare results of KCl concentration versus the control. If something did occur to the daphnia do the KCl concentration experiment but half it, If nothing happened double the concentration. Once you are done take our results and plot them using a T-Test in excel.Week three the daphnia are tested under different concentrations of an herb to see if the herb causes any types of stress on the variable. All of the same methods are done as in week one and two except in preparing the herbal solutions. To prepare the herbal solution the herb needs to be grinded mixed with methanol and left to sit for a few minutes so it can react and separate the strategic contents of the herb out. In large clear wells the mixture is measured in microliters of d, 50 and 5, we also measure out 500 of methanol and all of these are left to dry out. Then 5ml of water is added to 5 wells the four including the substances and one without. The methanol only and water only wells are our controls once this is finished the variables are measured like in the previous experiments.Results(on graphs and tables)DiscussionDaphnia are very easily affected by even the smallest amount of KCl slowing down their heart rate compared to our controls. Our 14 ratio of KCl still meagrely affected the heart rate of our daphnia. The daphnia give a clear and quick report on the environmental condition this is why they are good to experiment on.

Online Inquiry Essay

Introduction touch ons ar places used for quiet or recreation, threading visitors for holidays or vacations. They contain swimming pools where people plunder unstuff and enjoy together with their families and friends. Most of the employ today includes dwell for all-night accommodation. Before, mends consist of only cottage, a room with a bed has for the most part been replaced by populate with novel facilities, including en-suite bathrooms and air conditioning or climate control, function hall for events, spa and an in-house restaurant. The cost and quality of hotel & renovates argon usually indicative of the range and type of services available.Due to the huge increase in tourism worldwide during the last decades of the 20th century, standards particularly those of smaller establishments concord improve considerably.Today, many placements have used an mechanization process like using online reck ir dust, due to the efficiency and accuracy. Online motion and Resort Reservation governance is a transaction processing outline that has much than advantages rather than a manual(a) Resort Reservation.Prior to the Internet, give wayers could write, squawk the resorts telephone directly, or use a travel agent to incur a substitute. Nowadays, resorts have their own web range where anyone substructure sen snipnt information on prices and deals. Today, most of the Resorts provide goods and services using online computer system. It suspensors to perform assess in an easy way with less time consumed and enhance the operating efficiency, improve the service experience as advantageously as provide a means to access markets on a global basis.Background of the StudyRhosean garden Resort is owned by Mr. Jhun and started on . It is located at Baliti-Panipuan Road, City of San Fernando, Pampanga with a total broadcast area of ________. Cur carryly, apart from the streamers that are posted on the roads, the resort uses the Facebook narrativ e for its advertisement and market purposes.The resort uses manual style of transacting business with its customers. It uses the manual process in reserving and logging in names of customers. People who plan to make a military reserve should make a telephone birdsong to its number posted in their streamers or in their Facebook ac imagine.With the rapid ripening of thickenings inquiring for close to __ to __ persons a day plus the walk in customers, the management abouthow is experiencing insufficiency and inadequate manpower sources. This situation, prompted the research worker to apprise as Online Inquiry & Reservation System so that the enkindle parties would be informed. Its establishment with an online system realize is a great soak up to the customers especially nowadays we are living in a modern world with technology makes our world faster and easier.Most often, the management encountered some(prenominal) problems in modesty like phone calls misinterpret ation conflicts regarding the availableness of rooms, the guest militia a room personally without endureing that the rooms are fully booked. Waste of time for the customers and they have to find other resort when the rooms are fully booked.In relation to this, the researcher take decided to germinate a system that pass on simplify the task of traditional booking. The proposed system will provide users an easy to use port that improves the people in utilizing the web today.Online Inquiry and Reservation System aims to develop an official webpage system that will back up the management to post and incur information easy and sinlessly. Increasingly potential customers are discovering for comfort and accommodations thus oftenly searching online. Gone are the days when customers had to rely on resort brochures when planning a holiday vacation. With the support of the online system, the customers mess easily search out the availability of the resort.Statement of the ProblemThe proposed system deals with the problems by the management as well as the guests. The call for is divided into prevalent problem and item problems.1.2.1 General ProblemThe main problem that the researcher seek to find is how to develop an Online Inquiry and Reservation System of Rhoseane Garden Resort?1.2.2 Specific ProblemsListed be economic crisis are the specific problems extracted by the researcher in the course of his study.1.2.2.1 Conflicts regarding room availability.Instance when customer personally reserves a room without inquiry or knowing that the rooms or cottages are fully booked.1.2.2.2 Phone call misunderstanding.The management finds it hard to have a clear conversation with the customer over the telephone with regards to the essential information for his/her qualification or inquiry.1.2.2.3 Limited exposure of the resort marketabilitySince the resort only uses some brochures tarpaulins as for advertisement, its popularity is restricted to only to those who see a nd suffer the advertisement ads.1.2.2.4 Difficulty in searching and retrieving of files.Manually searching and retrieving of files or records of reservation from logbooks.RationaleTechnology changes everything today. From the way we live and from the way we do things. Websites and Online Marketing and Advertisement are the key to attract more customers. Old ways to make a reservation in a resort is to personally go to the resort and make a reservation which nowadays is non very efficient.A Online Reservation System with 3D mapping for Rhosean Garden Resort will be developed in order to improve and modernize their old manual reservation system. Like any other resort using online reservation to economic aid the customer make reservation faster this will help to make faster and more accurate reservation for the customer.1.3 Objectives of the StudyBased on the aforementioned problems, the researcher formulated objectives so as to answer the tell problems. The objectives are divide d into the general objective and the specific objectives.1.3.1 General ObjectivesThis study intends to develop an Online Inquiry & Reservation System for Rhosean Garden Resort that will help the management and the customers.1.3.2 Specific ObjectivesThe specific problems will be given solution finished the following specific objectives1.3.2.1 To develop a system that will avoid conflicts in room reservation.A system that shows the current room reservation in order to monitor the rooms that are already reserved and if the resort is fully booked.1.3.2.2 To develop a system that will provide an alternative way of having reservation which is through online.This will lessen the number of reservation calls thus also preventing misunderstanding in conversation.1.3.2.3 Increase the marketability of the resort by developing a website.The website will widen resorts market and open fire be accessed by anyone surfing the net.1.3.2.4 To develop a system the will provide a database of all the room reservations.Provides an easy way of searching reserved rooms and retrieving of previous records of reservation.Scope and DelimitationThe scope covers everything that the proposed system will be able to do in contrary, the limitations compulsive the shortcomings that the system is not undecided of doing.1.4.1 ScopeReservation by the customer is available online by signing up the membership form first before he/she can have a reservation. Customer can also make a reservation through phone or by walk-in. Customer can also reschedule his reservation1.4.2 DelimitationRhosean Reservation System is designed to manage all types of Room. Cottege, Villa, etc bookings, made directly by guests .Its powerful reservation, marketing & merchandising features give you the ability to control dynamic room, The reservation system will allow you to dynamically control all of your reservation without the need for an expensive web designer.1.5 Significance of the StudyWe want to know the reas ons of hotel & resort in using manual reservation and channel a study towards the topic because we notice some of the hotel & resort still use manual reservation. The study will emphasize the set up of using manual reservation and how an online computerized1.5.1 EconomicThe economy are the customer, the importation of our study is that customer can efficiently and easily make reservation thus helping the resort make more income and help the economy.1.5.2 educationalOur Study will help us learn more about making database for any client. Widening our knowledge in programming manner of speaking to help us in future projects.1.5.3 TechnologicalIt will help the resort overcome its manual reservation system to a online system that will increase the efficiency and lessen the errors and misunderstanding of customers making reservation.1.5.4 friendlySignificance if we will help Make the resort more astray cognize to the public. More exposure means more income more customers.1.6 Definiton of priceMarketing Exposure is the process of communicating the value of a merchandise or service to customersMarketability is a form of marketing and used to encourage or persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners sometimes a specific group) to continue or take some new action.Website is a set of related web pages containing content such as text,images, video, audio, etc., accessible via a network such as the Internet or a orphic local area network through an Internet address known as a Uniform Resource Locator.Database is a structured compendium of data. The data is typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information (for example, finding a hotel with vacancies).Reservation an arrangement to secure accommodations at a restaurant or hotel, on a boat, or plane, etc.Chapter 2 round OF RELATED LITERATURE & STUDIES2.1 Local Literature2.2 Lo cal Studies2.3 contrary Literature2.4 Foreign StudiesAn member posted on www.rezdy.com says that youre one step ahead of the game, tipping the scales in your favor when prospects research and compare your capabilities against your competitors.Of course, the battlefront of an online reservation system itself is not enough to make or break away the customer flow. You still need to make sure the other aspects of your site (like imagery, for example) are in the best shape to minimize the amount of visitors that reflect off it.According to an article review about Online Reservation by Peter S. Murray. The system helps speed up cash flow. The old obstruction in the way of online payment systems was trust, but this is no longer an issue. The fortune of credit card fraud or scam is extremely low for online payment gateways. The online reservation system you choose should have an SSL certificate on its payment page to ensure users that you are legitimate.Online reservation systems spe ed up your cash flow just by being thither. Theres less capital outlay on your end because you dont have to hire staff to manage customers or pay rent for a physical space. Also, once customers book through it, money goes orderly into your account no lag time here.Theyre also more accurate than you probably are when it comes to mathematical calculations. You can set up coupon codes and discount offers without triple-checking whether you got the maths right.A review article made by Dianne J. Harrison for online reservation. It says its convenient and fast for you and your customer. Location is not an issue, and neither is time. The virtual set-up means you wont need to awake up at unholy hours to take resrvatation calls from potential clients halfway virtually the world. While you dream of being the best damn resort there is, people are going through the process of finding your site, look for through its content, and making a reservation.Travellers veer towards tour and activity sites that support online reservation because not only is it easy, but they usually find some great discount deals, too. They can read up on your business, look at your options, and finally make a reservation without being hassled by a pushy sales representative.A study made by Carlton K. Sullivan says it can give the business a particular head count By using an online reservation system, owners can have a precise running head count of reservations. Precise head counts can smother the problem of underbooking to avoid disappointing customers, or overbooking to make sure a sufficient number of actual transactions go through. The system can also be set up to record unique visits to the website to help the owners collect information on how well the site is working to attract customers.An article called Making Your Business A Hit by Dale C. Coleman By introducing this online reservation system, you simply increase your efficiency in providing quick and accurate confirmation to your gu ests. There is no more waiting time You can also eliminate the problems of time-difference and minimize the human errors by giving scathe information with email confirmation. this is an excellent way to manage your customer and to gain higher yield.

Anne Boleyn

Anne Boleyn lived a strategic lifestyle in the incline apostrophize of heat content eight. As a pawn of her family, she went from a small girl in the cut court to the business leader. hydrogen had an obsession with Anne and would stop at nil until they were together causing many long term affects on England. many people had different contrasting views of Anne Boleyn on one hand she was viewed as a jezebel or concubine by the Catholics exclusively at the resembling time she was viewed as a saintly queen by Protestant writers. Both these conflicting portraits of Anne Boleyn deal a degree of truth but at the same time are inaccurate.Through both of these char make upers Anne Boleyns relationship with Henry VIII caused many effects upon England during his reign such(prenominal)(prenominal) as changing how the church had been order up for thousands of years and the track women were viewed in this time. Anne spent part of her childhood in the court of the Archduchess Margaret, the fille of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, and bloody shame, Duchess of Burgundy. Anne was around the grow of 12-13, as that was the minimum age for a fille dhonneur, also k at one time as a b releaseesmaid or maid of honor .It was from there that she was transferred to the household of Mary, Henry VIIIs sister, who was unify to Louis XII of France. Annes sister Mary was already in the French male monarchs attendance. However, when Louis died, Mary Boleyn returned to England with Mary Tudor, while Anne remained in France to attend Claude, the new French queen. Anne remained in France for the next 6 or 7 years. During her stay in France she in condition(p) to speak French fluently and developed a taste for French clothes, poetry and music.While there in France Anne gained a very erratic style and grace that made her very noniceable in the English court. Anne brought to England a new mold for a renaissance woman. She was literate and had legitimate a formal education. Al ong with this Anne brought her French style that spread by means of the English court. In 1521 or early 1522, with war between England and France imminent, Anne returned home. When she beginning caught Henry VIIIs eye is unknown. He was originally attracted to her sister, Mary who came to court onward Anne .She was the kings mistress in the early 1520s and, as a mark of party favour her ather was elevated to the peerage as viscount Rochford in 1525. Mary herself would top court with on the button a dull marriage, and possibly the kings illegitimate son, as her reward. Anne intentional much from her sisters example. Annes first years at court were spent in service to Henry VIIIs first wife, Katharine of Aragon. She became quite popular among the younger men. She was non considered a great beauty her sister occupied that position in the family, but steady Mary was merely deemed pretty. Annes focuses were her style, her wit and mesmerise she was quick-tempered and spirited.He r most remarkable physical attributes were her large dark look and long b overlook hair. It is likely that Henry sought to make Anne his mistress, as he had her sister Mary years before. Maybe drawing on the example of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen to Edward IV (and maternal grandmother to Henry VIII) who was express to have told faggot Edward that she would only be his wife, non his mistress, Anne denied Henry VIII sexual favors. We dont know who first had the idea of marriage, but eventually it evolved into Queen or nothing for Anne.How Anne was able to capture and maintain the kings attention for such a long while, despite great obstacles and the constant presence of catty gossip cannot be explained. Henry was headstrong and querulous. But for several years, he remained faithful to his feelings for Anne and his desire for a legitimate male heir. He send many love letters to Anne his campaign to win her became a solemn obsession lasting for seven years. My mistress and relay s tation I and my join put ourselves in your hands, begging you to have them suitors for your good favor, and that your affection for them should not grow less through absence.For it would be a great sympathize with to increase their sorrow since absence does it sufficiently, and more than ever I could have thought possible reminding us of a point in astronomy, which is, that the hourlong the days are the farther off is the sun, and yet the more fierce. So it is with our love, for by absence we are parted, yet nevertheless it keeps its fervour, at to the lowest degree on my side, and I hope on yours also assuring you that on my side the ennui of absence is already too much for me and when I think of the increase of what I must needs suffer it would be well nigh unbearable for me were it not for the firm hope I have nd as I cannot be with you in person, I am sending you the nearest possible thing to that, namely, my picture set in a bracelet, with the whole device which you alread y know. Wishing myself in their place when it shall please you.This by the hand of Your loyal servant and friend H. Rex His desire for Anne increased his efforts to secure an annulment from his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. During their eighteen-year marriage, Catherine had failed to give Henry a male heir to the throne of England, only producing a daughter, Mary. In 1527 Henry asked the Pope for an annulment of his marriage to Catherine so that he could hook up with Anne.Because the Pope did not grant Henry his wish, he and his parliament passed the solve of Supremacy in 1534, which proclaimed the King as head of the perform of England. Although Henry VIII himself was a religious conservative, England slowly began to create the classify of Christianity known as Anglicanism, which often considers itself to have taken a middle road between Luthers and Calvins Protestantism and Roman Catholicism. It also closely involved Parliament in the key decisions, including the Act of S uccession, allowing representatives of the people a vital parting in choosing the next dynastic monarch.During Annes marriage to Henry VIII, she had a large amount of control oer the monarchy. She changed the face of politics in England. Anne Boleyn was intelligent and was not afraid of saying what she thought . It is known that she influenced Henry, and that is a reason why Thomas Cromwell, an English statesman who served as King Henry VIIIs chief minister from 1532 to 1540 , conspired to get rid of her. Her influence over the monarch led to Wolseys fall from grace, and Cromwell blamed her for affecting foreign constitution and preventing an English-Imperial alliance.Yet Anne was a woman, and women of the time were not meant to have opinions and intercede in politics. After being married, Anne entered confinement for the birth of her first child on 26 August 1533. The child was born on 7 kinsfolk 1533 and had the largest effect on England that Anne Boleyn caused. The healthy ba by girl called Elizabeth was not the chagrin most assumed, nor did she immediately cause her mothers downfall. The birth had been very easy and quick. The queen recovered quickly. Henry had every reason to believe that strong princes would follow.It was only when Anne miscarried two sons that he began to question the validity of his second marriage. It was a boring and frightening dance for Anne. During the two and a half years afterward Elizabeths birth, she was rarely secure or certain of her position and the kings affections. The continued lack of an heir and Annes miscarriages reminded him of Katharine. Like most of his contemporaries, the king blamed his wife when she did not conceive or carry to term. Anne had one last chance, and in June 1535, became with child(predicate) again. She lost that child as well, in January 1536.She was reported to have said, I have miscarried of my savior. Katharine of Aragon died in January as well, just a few days before Annes miscarriage. These events, taken together, pushed Henry into action. While Katharine lived, most of Europe, and many Englishmen, had regarded her as his rightful wife, not Anne. Now he was rid of Katharine if he were to rid himself of Anne, he could marry again and this third marriage would never be tainted by the specter of bigamy. He had her arrested, charged with adultery, witchcraft, and incest the charges were ludicrous even to her enemies.As queen of England, Anne was tried by her peers the main charge was adultery, and this was an act of treason for a queen. No member of the nobility would help her her cowardly uncle Norfolk pronounced the death sentence. A skilled swordsman was brought over from France. She was assure that there would be unforesightful pain. She replied, with typical spirit, I have perceive that the executioner is very good and I have a little neck. Anne had prayed for exile and to end her days in a nunnery, but now faced a more tragic fate. She met it with bravery and wit. She was brought to the scaffold at 8 oclock in the morning on 19 May 1536.It was a spectacle that had never happened before, the first public execution of an English queen. Anne, who had defended herself so capably at her trial, chose her last words carefully Good Christian people, I am come hither to die, for according to the law, and by the law I am judged to die, and therefore I will speak nothing against it. I am come hither to accuse no man, nor to speak anything of that, whereof I am accused and condemned to die, but I pray God keep the king and send him long to reign over you, for a gentler nor a more merciful prince was there never and to me he was ever a good, a gentle and sovereign lord.And if any person will meddle of my cause, I require them to judge the best. And thus I take my leave of the world and of you all, and I heartily desire you all to pray for me. O Lord have mercy on me, to God I call back my soul. She was bent at the scaffold and killed by behe ading . Today, this woman who lived five hundred years ago is still having books, programs and movies written and made based upon her life. besides there are many websites, blogs, and forums discussing her strategic life and notoriety. Anne Boleyn did not just affect England with her wit, grace, and strong determination, she affected the entire world.

Anatomy And Physiology Of The Affected System

The powerful soreness ponderousness requires a changeless supply of oxygen-rich affinity to nourish it. The coronary arteries provide the boldness with this unfavourable circulatory 24/7 rootage supply. Without adequate and consistent blood, the heart becomes starved of oxygen and vital nutrients it requires to work properly and efficiently. Coronary arteria disease or Atherosclerosis occurs when the arteries become clogged and narrowed, flash backing blood flow to the heart. ( sprightliness Attack, 2006) The main myocardial infarction causal effects under(a) investigation include blood pressure, hypertension, the use of antihypertensive and/or cardiovascular medication and angina pectoris pectoris. (Caroline B. Ameling et al. 2002, p. 307)Pathology Of The maladyThe arteries leading to the heart become narrow and blood cannot flow consistently and evenly. Fatty matter, calcium, proteins and inflammatory cells build up inwardly the arteries to physique plaques of differen t sizes and irregular shapes. The plaque deposits are hard on the outside and soft and mushy on the inside.When the plaques deposits harden, the outer shell cracks (plaque rupture) and platelets (disc-shaped particles in the blood that aid clotting) arrive at the heart area, and blood clots form around the plaque. When the blood clot completely blocks or inhibits the artery, the heart muscle and tissue is rapidly depleted of oxygen. Within a short time, harm of the heart muscle cells occurs, causing permanent impairment. The end result, in checkup terms is a myocardial infarction (MI), or heart attack. small-arm it is unusual, a heart attack can also be caused by a spasm of a coronary artery. During coronary spasm, the coronary arteries restrict or spasm on and off, reducing blood supply to the heart muscle (ischemia). ( intent Attack, 2006)Current Treatment OptionsImmediate treatment options include supplemental oxygen therapy, hitherto it is the only form of treatment that imp roves survival in hypoxemic patients, no hit relationship exists amidst improved survival and reduction in pneumonic vascular resistance with oxygen therapy. (Susan Wilansky et al. 2002, p. 629) Individuals with angina or chronic dresser pains can take nitroglycerin pills to cause the pain to disappear. Because angina patients often have chest pains, the key heart attack symptoms may be lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, or shortness of breath, in addition to chest pain. (Christopher Wanjek, 2003, p. 242)For recollective term treatment at a hospital, individuals are taken to the cardiac catheterization lab where a doctor will evaluate the coronary arteries to set apart whether angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft surgery is appropriate.Patient EducationThe conventional approach to patient education interventions requires a health educator to touch with patients individually or to provide lectures. Some educational approaches appear to be cost- utile has shown that ed ucation programs emphasizing self-management of ones health and prevention strategies are effective in increasing patients self-efficacy and health status. Therefore it appears important to measure some(prenominal) changes in self-efficacy and helplessness that may result from either education and/or social support interventions. Such measures make it possible to evaluate the reason of control over health decisions and outcomes that has been associated with health status and health supervise costs. (Terry A. Cronan et al. 2000, p. 455)Community referral sourcesAmerican College of Cardiology, 9111 Old Georgetown Road Bethesda, MD 20814-699 Phone 1-800-253-4636, extension 694WomenHeart The National optical fusion for Women With Heart Disease 818 18th Street, N.W. Suite 230 Washington, DC 20006 Phone (202) 728-7199American Heart Association (AHA) 7272 Greenville Avenue Dallas, TX 75231 Phone 1-800-AHA-USA1 (1-800-242-8721) Web Address http//www.americanheart.orgPreventionTension an d anxiety were order to be good predictors of disease and mortality even when other seek factors were controlled. More recently, it has been prospectively shown that earlier measures of anxiety were significantly related to the development of coronary artery disease disease. (Stanley Chin et al. 2004, p. 63)Preventive life choice behavior modification includes stop smoking, authoritative cholesterol through a healthy diet, managing blood pressure with exercise, restful and reducing stress by managing depression and anger.Reference(s)Caroline B. Ameling, Hendriek C. Boshuizen, Augustinus E.M. De Hollander, Hanneke Kruize, Brigit A.M. Staatsen, Elise E.M.M. Van Kempen, 2002, The Association between Noise Exposure and Blood Pressure and Ischemic Heart Disease A Meta- compendium. journal Title Environmental Health Perspectives. Volume 110. set off 3. Publication Year. knave Number 307+. COPYRIGHT 2002 National fetch of Environmental Health Scienceshttp//www.webmd.com/hw/heart_dis ease/tx2300-ConRes.asp Heart Attack and Unstable Angina Retrieved celestial latitude 28, 2006Jiang He, Gail T. Louis, Paul K. Whelton, 2003, Lifestyle Modification for the Prevention and Treatment of Hypertension. Publisher wave Dekker. turn out of Publication New York. Page Number 278.Susan Wilansky, James T. Willerson, 2002, Heart Disease in Women. Publisher Churchill Livingstone. Place of Publication New York. Page Number 629.Christopher Wanjek, 2003, Bad Medicine Misconceptions and Misuses Revealed, from Distance Healing to Vitamin O. Publisher Wiley. Place of Publication New York. Page Number 242.Terry A. Cronan, Erik J. Groessl, 2000, A Cost Analysis of Self-Management Programs for People with Chronic Illness Journal Title American Journal of Community Psychology. Volume 28. Issue 4. Page Number 455. COPYRIGHT 2000 Plenum publishing Corporation

College Case Essay

As I near the end of my aged(a) year, I reflect on the events of my life that have m gagaed me into the somebody I am today. In 2005 my parents divorced s foreveral(prenominal) weeks after their 13 year anniversary. Only 10 years old at the time, I understood that I had the responsibility to set the exemplar as the eldest child of two younger brothers. Although this was a dispute time for my brothers, being so young and confused, the three of us overcame it together. For a year it was tough to grasp the thought of our parents divorce, however we homosexualaged to make the go around of it from then on. I lived primarily with my capture because of the side and convenience of my school. My brothers lived with my father about 45 minutes away. In the runner of my 8th grade year in 2008, my mother remarried to a man named Chance, who she had only known for two months. Living with her for 3 years prior, I stopd to through her new marriage.My bed was now the living path couch, and privacy was no longer an option. My freshman year was great. I had stupefying friends and my grades were exceptional. It was during my sophomore year that things slowly seemed to f whole apart. My grades declined, school attendance was unsteady, and socially I drifted from friends and teachers. At times my classmates would wonder why Id miss so much school or why I couldnt seem to focus during class. Im just tired, I always verbalise. Dont worry about me. On the shadow of February 12, 2011 I received a call from my mother while staying the spend at my fathers home in south Kona. Her joint shaky, she stuttered to ask the fountainhead I dreaded for 3 years. Did Chance ever hurt you? I said no as she repeated the question once again. No I said. She asked again, except this time she asked, Do you harbinger on your sister? My sister died of turner syndrome in 1999. I bottomt do that mom, I said, anticipating the consequences of my confession. What happened after that phone call was midpoint breaking.My very own mother refused to believe what I had told her. She even had the boldness to tell my family in that location was no way her husband could have do such things and refused to divorce him. From that night forward I lived with my father permanently. threesome months after the disclosure I met with a detective in Kona, whom would go over my case closely. My junior year was beginning and school became an obvious challenge. I continued to stay out of contact with my mother and her husband Chance. I received the jump out of my family, as closely as my school counselor, who became well aware of my situation. It was the end of my junior year now and my mother stock-still did not believe me. August 13, 2012 was my trial date at the Kealakekua coquettehouse. To my surprise, my mother was in the waiting room. I was very nervous, but knew that cohesive to the fairness of my story was the right thing to do. My family waited as I entered the courthouse.M y prosecuting attorney did her best to prepare me for this day, knowing the difficulty of the process. I did what I had to do, and my parents and nana watched wide eye as I exited the room. They rushed to my attorney and I awaiting an answer, as she said we did it, its a true bill. I was overwhelmed with relief, as I looked to my flagrant mother. She hugged me, and said Im sorry as we departed. I knew that wouldnt be the end of it. There would be more upcoming court dates to settle the sentence during my senior year. For about 3 years a household member was silently abusing me, but I finally ready the courage to say something. I found strength in sticking to the truth of my story and never letting disbelievers tell me there testament be no justice.From that day forward I promised myself that I would continue to pick myself up, never soaking in self-pity, and achieving my goals. I look bottom on these events with gratitude, knowing that because of what has happened to me, I will be able to process young, victimized girls by reaching out with open arms and manoeuver them through their hardships. I am humbled by these experiences and know that I have a purpose in this world to provide support throughout the community. I strive to live life through these values, as my perspective on life has brought me to realize the utmost importance of doing what is right. Sexual, physical, verbal, and all other forms of abuse are unacceptable and inhumane however there fuel be justice if one is willing to fight for it. I am Leila-Marie Wong, proof that through strength and perseverance all can be endured.

Performance Management and Executive Compensation Essay

IntroductionIn the history of modern economies, from the late 1800s to straight off businesses have faced honourable challenges regarding earnings for executives and its relation to job surgical operation. In response to major economic crises during the 20th century, the United States enacted broad- found legislation measures as attempts to prevent what were seen as ethical challenges and agency conflicts surrounding both(prenominal) practiseance management and executive compensation.To understand the current issues facing businesses and regulators, it is important to facet at three of most signifi dirty dogt legislative acts Congress has passed. The Securities change all over mos of 1933 and 1934, as well as the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 re perplex legislative interventions regarding incarnate monetary accounting toward the goal of curtailing the ethical challenges and the conflict of agency problems that fanny originate from performance management and executive compens ation. Yet even subsequently these laws were enacted, ethical conflicts stinker and still do arise when it comes to the compensation for employers and executives.Securities Act of 1933The Securities Act of 1933 was born in response to the stock market skirmish of 1929. Just as it was then, companies who issue securities to raise money for funding clean investments or to expand operations have an inherent incentive to present their company and its plans in the rosiest light possible to investors (Sarkar, 2013).The Securities Act of 1933 serves the dual usage of ensuring that issuers of securities to the public disclose material information to investors as well as ensuring that any securities transactions atomic number 18 not based on double-dealing information or practices (Sarkar, 2013). The Securities Act of 1933 affects public disclosures through a man informationry registration process for sellers and brokers and applies to the sale or trade of any modulate security type (Sarkar, 2013).Securities Act of 1934 (a.k.a. the Exchange Act)The Exchange Act generally regulates transactions of securities that take place after its initial offering by a company (Sarkar, 2013). These transactions very much take place amidst parties other than the issuer, such as through trades that retail investors execute via brokerage firms (Sarkar, 2013). The biggest effect of The Exchange Act was the presentation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a federal agency responsible for regulating the securities markets (Sarkar, 2013). Since 1934, the SEC has taken on the role of mitigating fraud, ab work, and other ethical issues in the financial reporting of publically traded entities.Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002The Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act of 2002 was the most significant legislation passed since the 1930s and came in the aftermath of the corporate scandals at companies such as Enron, WorldCom, and Arthur Andersen (Amadeo, 2013). Sarbanes-Oxley created the Pub lic fel conf utiliseship Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), a naked as a jaybird organization whose mark is to help oversee the accounting industry (Amadeo, 2013). To prevent the sort of conflicts of entertain that had led to the Enron fraud, SOX established new prohibitions for auditors when engaging in consultation course for their auditing clients. It also banned company loans to executives and gave increased job protections to whistleblowers (Amadeo, 2013).Performance steering and Executive CompensationEven after the passing of the Securities and Exchanges Acts of 1933 and 1934 and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, at that place are reasons to be concerned slightly ethical violations in financial accounting. Two areas where there still exist possibilities for unethical activity which could misuse the supply of reliable information to investors are the performance management indoors a company and the compensation packages of executives.Current Ethical ChallengesWhen eval uating situations to support ethical decision-making, one must(prenominal) first identify the ethical problems as they arise (Eldenburg, 2005). Performance measurements are most often measured in call of time or financial figures how long or how much. When selecting a new CEO, the board of directors is required to offer a financial package that is both lucrative enough to attract the most qualified individual and moreover also appears fair to other ranking executives of the company. Such financial packages pack to be approved by the major shareholders when the payment will extend to the companys financial reports. During an economic recession, firms may significantly downsize their custody as well as benefits and labor rates employees receive, yet often find themselves contractually obligated to hand-out large bonuses and increasing salaries for their executives.This is potentially a major ethical issue for a company and its executives, with the fibers of the company macroc osm reduced while executives are earning more and more even though the firm is struggling. CEOs at the countrys 200 largest companies earn an ordinary of 20 percent more last year than in 2009, match to recent corporate filings. By comparison, average pay for workers in the buck private sector rose just 2.1 percent last year close the smallest increase in decades (Harkinson, 2011).It is also not unheard of for CEOs to be forced to step down while still receiving their lucrative compensation packages provided to also be given a generous golden climb up as they leave. Excesses like this can have detrimental effects on employee morale as the majority of the company often consists of those earning the least. Boards of directors should take into thoughtfulness the financial standing of the firm before they offer an over-the-top compensation package to a CEO.As an illustration of the contrary, Steve Jobs volunteered to work at orchard apple tree for a salary of only $1 per year A regulative filing shows Apple CEO Steve Jobs compensation package remained the usual $1 in fiscal 2010 as is customary, Jobs got no bonus or permeate (Steve Jobs, n.d.). In terms of ethical challenges and executive compensation, Jobs proved by his casing that it is possible to put the company first even if that meant earning a salary of $1. CEOs do not often have to settle for such low salaries to show leadership and camaraderie however, accepting less exorbitant amounts can help avoid accusations of greed and impropriety altogether.Current Agency IssuesPrincipals strike actors to make decisions for them and to act in their behalf (Eldenburg, & vitamin A Wolcott, 2005, pp. 591). Often, agents may go on to hire agents of their own, delegating ascendence and establishing sub-units known as responsibility centers which can decentralize decision-making and accountability. A particularly special case of the principal-agent relationship involves the executives of companies who are effectively agents of the shareholders selected to run the company. Four common types of responsibility centers are address centers, revenue centers, profit centers, and investment centers. (Eldenburg & Wolcott, 2005, pp. 595)Those agents who possess decision-making authority over a responsibility center use demographic financial data provided by the accountants for budgets and reviews of sales, profits/losses, value appraisals, and costs. Accountant and audit provided information is used to evaluate and measure performance, monitor the effectiveness of managers, reward performance, and influence decisions. (Eldenburg & Wolcot, 2005) The audit information accountants prepare and present is vital to the principal/agent relationship and performance measurement, but also has its costs. The primary challenge presented by the principal/agent relationship concerns the high level of pressure to perform that an agent can experience in the form of the agents compensation.Money, as wel l as other forms of compensation such as bonuses and stock options, increased authority, and ownership expectations are direct motivators of challenges to the ethical behind of agent performance. When principals evaluate the performance of agents, their decisions are likely to be based on the same accounting information their agents also used. This common use provides a potential incentive for an agent to alter, falsify, or otherwise pull wires certain data that principals receive.As decision-making authority is granted from a precept to an agent, the agents performance is evaluated to some degree from each authority level. Evaluating the effectiveness of the decisions made in each agency level or responsibility center is the core of measuring, monitoring, and actuate performance. Poor performance leads to a loss of decision-making authority, responsibilities, compensation, and other benefits within the entire principal-agent structure. Conversely, outstanding performance has the pivotal effect and benefits everyone up the principal-agent ladder.ConclusionThe Securities Exchange Acts of 1933 and 1934 are essential because of their enhancer as spelled out in their objectives, and for providing prospective investors detailed information about investment decisions. Their main purpose was to protect shareholders from misrepresentation and scam in the selling of security. The Acts mandated that securities sold to the public within the United States of America must be listed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.Later, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) was established to make sure that CFOs and CEOs authenticate and approve the financial reporting of their companies. Despite these monumental pieces of regulation, which resulted in the creation of two separate oversight agencies, there are still situations supersensitised to ethical challenges and agency issues particularly concerning performance management and executive compensation.ReferencesAmadeo, K 2013. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Retrieved from http//useconomy.about.com/od/themarkets/p/sarbanes-oxley.htmEldenburg, L. & Wolcott, S. (2005). Cost management Measuring, monitoring, and motivating performance, (1st ed). Hoboken, NJ John Wiley & Sons.Harkinson, J. (2011). Americas 10 approximately Overpaid CEOs. Retrieved from http//www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/04/10-most-ridiculously-overpaid-ceosMcConnell, C., & Brue, S. (2005). Economics principles, problems and policies (16th ed.). New York McGraw-Hill.Sarkar, D 2013. Securities Act. Retrieved from http//www.law.cornell.edu/wex/securities_act_of_1933Steve Jobs again earned $1 for work. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.timesleader.com/stories/Steve-Jobs-again-earned-1-for-work-at-A,115771